بررسی تأثیر سبک رهبری پیش‌نمون بر اثربخشی رهبر: نقش میانجیگری تمامیت ادراک‌شده و تعدیلگری تبادل رهبر ـ رهبر

نوع مقاله : مقاله علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشیار، گروه مدیریت، پژوهشگاه علوم انسانی و مطالعات فرهنگی، تهران، ایران.

2 دانشجوی دکتری، گروه مدیریت منابع انسانی، دانشکدگان مدیریت، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران.

چکیده

هدف: فرض اصلی نظریه هویت اجتماعی این است که برخی رهبران، معرفِ هویت گروه خود هستند؛ بنابراین آن چیزی را تجویز می‌کنند که می‌بایست پیروان به‌عنوان عضو گروه درباره آن بیندیشند، احساس کنند و انجام دهند. در این راستا، رهبری پیش‌نمون به سبکی از رهبری اشاره می‌کند که در آن، رهبر به‌مثابه نماینده هویت گروهی پیروان تلقی می‌شود و استانداردها، ارزش‌ها و هنجارهایی را بازتاب می‌دهد که اعضای گروه در آن‌ها مشترک‌اند و آن‌ها را از سایر گروه‌ها تمییز می‌دهد. مفهوم رهبری پیش‌نمون، از موضوعاتی است که دستِ کم در پژوهش‌های داخلی به آن کم‌توجهی شده است؛ از این‌رو هدف پژوهش حاضر، بررسی مفهوم رهبری پیش‌نمون در ارتباط با دیگر متغیرهای حوزه رهبری، یعنی اثربخشی رهبر، تمامیت ادراک‌شده رهبر و تبادل رهبر ـ رهبر در جامعه آماری منتخب است.
روش: در پژوهش حاضر به بررسی تأثیر رهبری پیش‌نمون بر اثربخشی رهبری پرداخته شد. در این میان نقش میانجی تمامیت ادراک‌شده رهبر و نقش تعدیلگرِ تبادل رهبر ـ رهبر در رابطه بین این دو متغیر سنجیده شد. این پژوهش از نظر هدف کاربردی و از نظر شیوه گردآوری داده‌ها توصیفی ـ پیمایشی است. جامعه آماری پژوهش، کارکنان یکی از شرکت‌های فعال در زمینه خدمات مخابرات و فناوری اطلاعات بود که در قالب تیم‌های کاری فعالیت می‌کردند. به عبارت دیگر، در این شرکت فرایندهای سازمانی در قالب تیم‌های متشکل از چند عضو، یک رهبرِ تیم و سرپرست رهبر انجام می‌شد. برای سنجش متغیرهای پژوهش از پرسش‌نامه‌های استاندارد استفاده شد. بر اساس آزمون‌های مدنظر و با استفاده از نرم‌افزار جی ـ پاور، نمونه آماری ۲۹۳ نفر انتخاب شد. داده‌ها به‌کمک روش مدل‌سازی معادلات ساختاری و رویکرد حداقل مربعات جزئی در نرم‌افزار اسمارت پی‌ال‌اس۳ تحلیل شدند.
یافته‌ها: تمام فرضیه‌های پژوهش، به‌جز فرضیه نخست، تأیید شدند. نتایج تحلیل داده‌های پژوهش نشان داد که رهبری پیش‌نمون، بر اثربخشی رهبر تأثیر مستقیم معناداری ندارد؛ اما این رابطه از طریق نقشِ میانجی تمامیت ادراک‌شده رهبر برقرار می‌شود. به سخن دیگر، رابطه میان رهبری پیش‌نمون و اثربخشی رهبر، به حلقه‌ای واسط نیاز دارد و تمامیت ادراک‌شده رهبر به‌عنوان متغیر میانجی، نقش این حلقۀ واسط را ایفا می‌کند. رهبری پیش‌نمون، بر تمامیت ادراک‌شده رهبر تأثیر معناداری می‌گذارد و اثر مثبت تمامیت ادراک‌شده رهبر بر اثربخشی رهبر نیز معنادار است. به‌علاوه، نتایج پژوهش نشان داد که تبادل رهبر ـ رهبر، در رابطه میان رهبری پیش‌نمون و تمامیت ادراک‌شده رهبر اثر تعدیل‌کنندگی معناداری دارد.
نتیجه‌گیری: نتایج پژوهش نشان داد این سبک رهبری، از طریق ادراک از تمامیت رهبر و تبادل رهبر ـ رهبر، موجب افزایش اثربخشی رهبری تیم‌ها می‌شود و کاربست رهبری و حوزه شمولیت آن را تسهیل می‌کند. از دیدگاه نظری، پژوهش حاضر با معرفی متغیرهای جدید از قبیل رهبری پیش‌نمون و تبادل رهبر ـ رهبر، می‌تواند نقطه شروع مناسبی برای تدقیق این مفاهیمِ کمتر بررسی شده در زمینه‌های مطالعاتی رهبری سازمان باشد و سهم‌یاریِ ویژه‌ای برای انجام پژوهش‌های آتی داخلی در این زمینه داشته باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Examining the Effect of Prototypical Leadership Style on Leader Effectiveness: Mediating role of Perceived Integrity and Moderating Role of Leader-leader Exchange

نویسندگان [English]

  • Elham Ebrahimi 1
  • SHabnam Zarjou 2
1 Associate Prof., Department of Management, Institute for Humanities and Cultural Studies, Tehran, Iran.
2 Ph.D. Candidate, Department of Human Resource Management, College of Management, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Objective
The main premise of social identity theory is that some leaders represent their group's identity and thus prescribe what followers should think, feel and do as members of the group. In this regard, prototypical leadership refers to a leadership style in which the leader is regarded as a representative of group identity of the followers and reflects the standards, values, and norms shared by the group members, and distinguishing them from other groups. The concept of prototypical leadership, at least in indigenous research, is an under-research topic. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to investigate this concept in the statistical population of the research in relation to other variables in the field of leadership, namely leader effectiveness, perceived integrity of the leader, and leader-leader exchange.
Methods
In this research, the effect of prototypical leadership on leadership effectiveness was examined. In the meantime, the mediating role of perceived leader's integrity and the moderating role of leader-leader exchange in the relationship between these two variables were measured. The study is considered an applied research in terms of its purpose, and is a descriptive survey in terms of data collection method. The study's statistical population consisted of employees working in teams at a telecommunications and information technology services company. In other words, in this company, organizational processes were carried out in the form of teams consisting of several members, a team leader and a team manager. Standard questionnaires were used to measure research variables. A statistical sample of 293 individuals was selected based on the tests used and G-Power software. Data were analyzed by structural equation modeling and partial least squares approach with Smart-PLS3 software.
 
Results
Research hypotheses were confirmed except for the first hypothesis. The results of the research data analysis showed that prototypical leadership does not have a significant direct effect on the leader's effectiveness, but this relationship is established through the mediating role of the leader's perceived integrity. In other words, the relationship between prototypical leadership and leader effectiveness required a mediating link, and the perceived integrity of the leader as a mediating variable played the role of this mediating link. Prototypical leadership had a significant effect on the leader's perceived integrity, and the positive effect of the leader's perceived integrity on the leader's effectiveness was also significant. In addition, the research results showed that leader-leader exchange has a significant moderating effect on the relationship between prototypical leadership and the leader's perceived integrity.
Conclusion
In this research, the prototypical leadership variable was investigated as a concept that was not addressed in internal research, in the field of leadership and especially the leadership of work teams. The results of the research showed that this leadership style increases the effectiveness of team leadership through the perception of the leader's integrity and leader-leader exchange, and facilitates the application of leadership and its scope of inclusion. From a theoretical point of view, the present research, by introducing new variables such as prototypical leadership and leader-leader exchange, can be a suitable starting point for clarifying these under-researched concepts in the fields of organizational leadership and have a special contribution for conducting future indigenous research in this field.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Prototypical leadership
  • Leader Effectiveness
  • Perceived Leader's Integrity
  • Leader-leader Exchange

مراجع

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مدیریت دولتی
دوره 16، شماره 1
1403
صفحه 149-181

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