تأثیر استفاده از گوشی هوشمند در محیط کار بر پیوند شغلی و فرسودگی شغلی: بررسی نقش میانجی استرس

نوع مقاله : مقاله علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 کارشناسی ارشد، گروه رهبری و سرمایه انسانی، دانشکده مدیریت دولتی و علوم سازمانی، دانشکدگان مدیریت، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران.

2 استادیار، گروه رهبری و سرمایه انسانی، دانشکده مدیریت دولتی و علوم سازمانی، دانشکدگان مدیریت، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران.

10.22059/jipa.2023.363534.3371

چکیده

هدف: امروزه استفاده از تلفن‌های هوشمند به‌طور روز افزونی در میان افراد جامعه و در محیط‌های کاری در حال افزایش است. استفاده از تلفن‌های هوشمند، به‌خصوص در محیط کار با اینکه مزایای عمده‌ای دارد با معایبی نیز همراه است. بررسی ادبیات مرتبط با تأثیرهای استفاده از تلفن‌های هوشمند در محیط کار، به‌ویژه در ایران، حاکی از آن است که در خصوص این مسئله خلأ مطالعاتی وجود دارد. بر این اساس پژوهش حاضر بر آن است تا خلأ موجود را پوشش دهد و به تشریح تأثیرهای استفاده از تلفن‌های هوشمند در محیط کار و ارائه راه‌کارهایی به‌منظور کاهش استفاده بیش‌ازحد از آن بپردازد.
روش: پژوهش حاضر از نظر هدف، کاربردی است که فلسفه اثبات‌گرایی با رویکرد قیاسی را در پیش گرفته است. علاوه‌بر این، از آنجایی که در این پژوهش وضعیت متغیرها و روابط میان آن‌ها بررسی و توصیف می‌شود و ابزار مورد استفاده برای جمع‌آوری اطلاعات، پرسش‌نامه آنلاین است، پژوهش حاضر توصیفی، از نوع پیمایشی، به‌روش کمّی یگانه است. جامعه آماری پژوهش، ۱۷۰۰ نفر از کارکنان شرکت همراه اول است که ۳۱۳ نفر به پرسش‌نامه آنلاین پاسخ دادند. به‌منظور تجزیه‌وتحلیل داده‌های این پژوهش، از دو نرم‌افزار اس‌پی‌اس‌اس نسخه ۲۷ و اسمارت پی‌ال‌اس نسخه ۳ استفاده شده است.
یافته‌ها: با توجه به اهمیت زیاد و کلی تکنولوژی و همچنین اهمیت خاص گوشی هوشمند که به جریان زندگی افراد پیوند خورده است، فواید استفاده از آن بر هیج کس پوشیده نیست. بر همین اساس، کارکنان نیز برای برقراری ارتباط و درک بهتر امور کاری، به‌شدت به گوشی‌های هوشمند خود وابسته شده‌اند و از طرفی، بسیار سخت است که از نظر روان‌شناختی بتوانند خود را از کار و تلفن خود جدا کنند. همین مسئله می‌تواند بر احساس در دسترس بودن دائم و فشار کاری بیفزاید و از طرفی، تعادل کار و زندگی ایشان را تحت‌الشعاع قرار دهد و در نهایت، به ایجاد اضطراب و استرس جدی در ایشان منجر شود. استرس نیز به‌دلیل هیجان‌های منفی متعاقب آن، می‌تواند بر نگرش‌های کاری، مانند پیوند شغلی و فرسودگی شغلی کارکنان تأثیر منفی بگذارد. نتایج پژوهش حاضر حاکی از آن است که استفاده از گوشی هوشمند در محیط کار، بر استرس و فرسودگی شغلی تأثیر مثبت دارد. همچنین استرس نیز بر پیوند شغلی و فرسودگی شغلی تأثیرگذار است.
نتیجه‌گیری: نتایج این پژوهش نشان داد که اثر غیرمستقیم در رابطه میان استفاده از گوشی هوشمند و پیوند شغلی با میانجیگری استرس، منفی است و شدت اثر غیرمستقیم در رابطه میان استفاده از گوشی هوشمند و فرسودگی شغلی با میانجیگری استرس، مثبت است. این مسئله حاکی از آن است که استفاده از گوشی هوشمند با در نظر گرفتن متغیر میانجی استرس، می‌تواند به کاهش پیوند شغلی در کارکنان منجر شود و در مقابل، استفاده از گوشی هوشمند با در نظر گرفتن متغیر میانجی استرس به افزایش فرسودگی شغلی بینجامد. همچنین در انت‌ها نیز با توجه به بررسی تأثیر استفاده از گوشی هوشمند در محیط کار بر فرسودگی شغلی و پیوند شغلی، می‌توان به این مسئله اشاره کرد که استفاده از گوشی هوشمند در محیط کار، بر فرسودگی شغلی تأثیر مثبت دارد و استفاده از گوشی هوشمند در محیط کار بر پیوند شغلی تأثیر نمی‌گذارد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

The Effect of using the Smartphone in the Workplace on Job Engagement and Job Burnout: Investigation of Mediational Role of Stress

نویسندگان [English]

  • Somayeh Naghdi Zarrin 1
  • Neda Mohammad Esmaeili 2
1 MSc., Department of Leadership and Human Capital, Faculty of Public Administration and Organizational Sciences, College of Management, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
2 human resources management, faculty of management, Tehran university, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

Objective
In today's rapidly evolving digital era, the prevalence of smartphone usage among individuals in various contexts, including both social and professional environments, is witnessing a remarkable increase. This trend is particularly noteworthy in workplace settings, where smartphones have become universal tools offering numerous significant advantages. These benefits range from improved communication and accessibility to vital information to enhanced productivity and collaborative opportunities. However, alongside these advantages, the use of smartphones in professional contexts is also associated with a range of potential drawbacks. These disadvantages can manifest in forms such as distractions, disruptions in work-life balance, and potential breaches of workplace confidentiality. A thorough review of literature focusing on the effects of smartphone use in work environments, particularly in Iran, has identified a notable research gap. Accordingly, this study aims to address this gap by comprehensively describing the effects of smartphone use in the workplace. Additionally, it seeks to propose viable solutions aimed at reducing the excessive use of smartphones in professional settings.
Methods
This applied research adopts a positivist philosophy and a comparative approach. It is a descriptive, survey-type study using a unique quantitative method. The research examines the status of variables and their interrelationships, utilizing an online questionnaire for data collection. The study's statistical population included 1700 employees from the First Companion Company, with 313 responding to the online questionnaire. Data analysis was performed using SPSS 27 and Smart PLS 3 software.
Results
The overarching importance of technology in modern life, particularly the role of smartphones, is undeniably significant. The advantages of smartphone use are multifaceted, prominently including their role in facilitating communication and enhancing understanding of work-related tasks. Employees find smartphones indispensable for their daily work interactions and responsibilities. However, the challenge of maintaining a psychological separation from work and phone use is significant. This challenge often leads to a pervasive feeling of constant connection and escalating work pressure, which can adversely affect employees' work-life balance. The resultant anxiety and stress can be substantial, adversely affecting various aspects of work life. This includes detrimental effects on work attitudes, such as job attachment and the onset of job burnout. The findings of this study clearly indicate a positive correlation between the use of smartphones in the workplace and the increase in stress and job burnout. Additionally, the study explores how stress consequent to smartphone use impacts job relationships and contributes to job burnout.
Conclusion
The research findings indicate that the indirect effect of smartphone usage on job attachment, mediated by stress, is negatively significant. Conversely, the impact of smartphone usage on job burnout, with stress as a mediating factor, is observed to be positive. These results suggest that the use of smartphones, considering stress as a mediating variable, can lead to a reduction in job attachment among employees. Conversely, it can also contribute to an increase in job burnout. Lastly, the study concludes that smartphone use in the workplace positively influences job burnout, while its effect on job attachment is not significant.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Job engagement
  • Job burnout
  • Stress
  • Smartphone

مراجع

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مدیریت دولتی
دوره 16، شماره 1
1403
صفحه 114-148

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