بررسی چگونگی تأثیرپذیری مدیریت منابع انسانی از اینترنت اشیا

نوع مقاله : مقاله علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 کارشناس ارشد، گروه مدیریت فناوری اطلاعات، دانشکده مدیریت، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران.

2 دانشیار، گروه رهبری و سرمایه انسانی، دانشکده مدیریت، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران.

3 دانشیار، گروه مدیریت، دانشکده علوم انسانی، دانشگاه حضرت معصومه (س)، قم، ایران.

چکیده

هدف: امروزه اینترنت اشیا با سرعت چشمگیری در حال توسعه است و کسب‌وکارها به‌طور فزاینده‌ای روی به‌کارگیری آن در فرایندهای خود سرمایه‌گذاری می‌کنند، با این حال از پیاده‌سازی این فناوری در فرایندهای منابع انسانی خود بازمانده‌اند؛ زیرا از کاربردهای متعدد اینترنت اشیا در حوزه مدیریت منابع انسانی، درک روشن و کاملی ندارند که این خود از خلأ مطالعاتی موجود در ادبیات پژوهش در رابطه با مبحث مدنظر نشئت می‌گیرد. پژوهش حاضر بر آن است تا به تشریح این کاربردها در قالب چارچوبی مفهومی بپردازد و کسب‌وکارها را از مزایای بی‌شمار آن در این حوزه مطلع سازد.
روش: پژوهش حاضر رویکرد کیفی دارد. در این پژوهش ابتدا با استفاده از روش کتابخانه‌ای، به بررسی و مطالعه پژوهش‌های انجام‌یافته حول موضوع مدنظر پرداخته شد. در ادامه، برای پاسخ به سؤال اصلی پژوهش، مصاحبه‌های نیمه‌ساختاریافته‌ای به‌روش گلوله برفی با ۹ تن از خبرگان حوزه‌های اینترنت اشیا و مدیریت منابع انسانی به‌عمل آمد و با فن تحلیل مضمون و کدگذاری مضامین از طریق نرم‌افزار مکس‌کیودا، به تحلیل داده‌های حاصل از آن اقدام شد.
یافته‌ها: در این پژوهش، ۲۳ کاربرد منحصربه‌فرد اینترنت اشیا در حوزه مدیریت منابع انسانی شناسایی و در قالب ۶ مضمون اصلی استخدام، آموزش و توسعه، مدیریت عملکرد، جبران خدمات، نگهداشت و پایان خدمت طبقه‌بندی شد.
نتیجه‌گیری: اینترنت اشیا از طریق هوشمندسازی و داده‌محورکردن فرایندهای گوناگون منابع انسانی و عاری‌ساختن آنان از هرگونه خطای انسانی، به‌واسطه توسعه فرایند خودکارسازی، مدیریت مؤثرتر و کاراتر این منابع را در سازمان سبب می‌شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Investigating the Susceptibility of Human Resource Management to the Internet of Things

نویسندگان [English]

  • Darya Yousefi 1
  • Ali Pirannejad 2
  • Mona Jamipour 3
1 MSc., Department of Information Technology Management, Faculty of Management, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
2 Associate Prof., Department of Leadership and Human Capital, Faculty of Management, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
3 Associate Prof., Department of Management, Faculty of Human Sciences, Hazrat-e Masoumeh University (HMU), Qom, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Objective
As the Internet of Things (IoT) continues to rapidly develop, businesses are increasingly investing in incorporating it into their processes. However, many companies have yet to adopt this technology in their human resource management practices due to a lack of clear understanding of its potential applications in this area. This is largely due to the limited research literature available on the subject. This research aims to develop a conceptual framework that describes the potential applications of the Internet of Things in human resource management. Additionally, the study aims to raise awareness among businesses about the various benefits that can be gained through the implementation of this technology in their human resource processes.
Methods
In this research, firstly, previous studies conducted on the subject were reviewed. Secondly, to answer the main question of the research, semi-structured interviews were conducted with nine experts in the fields of the Internet of Things and human resources management based on the snowball method. The achieved data were analyzed by conducting a thematic analysis and coding the data with MAXQDA software.
Results
The main human resource management processes in which the applications of the Internet of Things were identified by the current research include six key areas; 1. recruitment, 2. training and development, 3. performance management, 4. service compensation, 5. maintenance, and 6. termination of service. These applications in the mentioned processes respectively included 1.1. Collecting and analyzing the conscious and unconscious data of employees to offer cooperation opportunities to the elite workforce 1.2. Selecting and attracting the most qualified applicants to the organization 1.3. Compilation of productive work schedule of employees 1.4. Creating the possibility of remote interviews with job seekers and reducing recruitment costs in this way, 2.1. Assessing the needs of employees for training programs after analyzing their performance 2.2. Identifying highly stressed and aggressive employees and providing them with stress and anger management courses 2.3. Improving the self-assessment skills of employees and helping their personal growth and development through it, 3.1. Smartening and automating employee performance control and making it free from any human errors 3.2. Establishing a fair and justice-oriented evaluation of the performance of employees 3.3. Making it possible for employees to evaluate the organization's performance, 4.1. Creating a reward system based on employee performance and encouraging or punishing them accordingly 4.2. Promotion or job rotation of employees after analyzing their behavioral data 4.3. Providing facilities and benefits according to individual tendencies and interests of employees, 5.1. Monitoring the health and physical condition of employees through smart watches and bracelets 5.2. Warning the employees or the manager of the relevant unit when one of the employees is in unfavorable physical conditions 5.3. Ensuring the safety of employees by foreseeing workplace accidents 5.4. Facilitating the daily activities of employees through the intelligentization of the work environment 5.5. Arranging employees in organizational units logically and appropriately after identifying the existing communication patterns among them, 6.1. Identifying employees who are inclined to leave the organization and preventing them from doing so by providing valuable suggestions to them which can result in a reduced rate of leaving the organization, and 6.2. Not losing touch with employees during and after the off-boarding process.
Conclusion
The Internet of Things causes more effective and more efficient management of human resources through the intelligentization of HRM processes and making them data-driven and free from any human errors.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Digital human resources
  • Human resource management
  • Internet of things
عابدی جعفری، حسن؛ تسلیمی، محمدسعید؛ فقیهی، ابوالحسن و شیخ‌زاده، محمد (1390). تحلیل مضمون و شبکه مضامین: روشی ساده و کارآمد برای تبیین الگوهای موجود در داده‌های کیفی. اندیشه مدیریت راهبردی، 5(2)، 151-198.
قیدر، یاسمن؛ شامی‌زنجانی، مهدی (1399). الگوی عوامل مؤثر بر شکل‌گیری تجربه دیجیتال کارکنان. فصلنامه علمی مطالعات منابع انسانی، 10(3)، 23-50.
محمدی، هانیه؛ زرگر، محمد؛ وکیل‌الرعایا، یونس و همتیان، هادی (1401). بررسی اثر اینترنت اشیا بر آموزش و توسعه منابع انسانی در سازمان (مورد مطالعه: سازمان هواپیمایی کشور). مدیریت بر آموزش سازمان‌ها، 11(1)، 99-118.
 
References
Abdussamad, Z., Tweneboah Agyei, I., Sipahi Dongul, E., Abdussamad, J., Raj, R. & Effendy, F. (2022). Impact of Internet of Things (IoT) on Human Resource Management: A review. Materials Today: Proceeding, 56(6), 3534-3543.
Abedi Jafari, H., Taslimi, M., Faghihi, A. & Sheikhzadeh, M. (2011). Thematic Analysis and the Network of Themes: A Simple and Efficient Way to Explain the Existing Patterns in Qualitative Data. Strategic Management Thought, 5(2): 151-198. (in Persian)
Al-Hitmi, M. & Sherif, K. (2018). Employee Perceptions of Fairness towards IOT Monitoring. VINE Journal of Information and Knowledge Management, 48(4), 504-516.
Anand, I. & Anand, S. (2021). What Has IOT Got to Do with HR and People: A Case of Deloitte. Turkish Journal of Computer and Mathematics Education, 12(5): 797-803.
Barman, A. & Das, K. (2018). Internet of Things (IIoT as the Future Smart Solution to HRM-How Would Wearable IOT Bring Organizational Efficiency?
Braun, V. & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 77-101.
Dash, D., Farooq, R., Sankar Panda, J. & Sandhyavani, K. (2019). Internet of Things (IoT): The New Paradigm of HRM and Skill Development in the Fourth Industrial Revolution (Industry 4.0). IUP Journal of Information Technology, 15(4), 7-30.
Fenech, R., Baguant, P. & Ivanov, D. (2019). The Changing Role of Human Resource Management in an Era of Digital Transformation. Journal of Management Information and Decision Sciences, 22(2), 166-175.
Gaur, B., Shukla, V. & Verma, A. (2019). Strengthening People Analytics through Wearable IOT Device for Real-Time Data Collection, 2019 International Conference on Automation, Computational and Technology Management (ICACTM), pp. 555-560, DOI 10.1109/ICACTM.2019.8776776.
Gheidar, Y. & ShamiZanjani, M. (2020). The Pattern of Factors Affecting the Formation of Digital Employee Experience. Journal of Human Resource Studies, 10(3), 23-50.
(in Persian)
Gorovei, A. (2020). Internet of Things and Employee Happiness in the Digital Era. Strategica: International Academic Conference, pp. 486-494.
Guba, E.G., & Lincoln, Y.S. (1985). Naturalistic inquiry. Newbury Park, Ca: Sage Publications.
Khanna, P. & Jha, S. (2021). Can IoT Boost Organizational Productivity? A Study of Employees’ Perceptions using a Mixed Method Approach. South Asian Journal of Management, 28(2), 137-163.
Kremer, K. (2022). HR practices in the context of the Internet of Things. Strategic Management, 27(1), 34-42.
Mohammadi, H., Zargar, M., Vakil Alroaia, Y. & Hematian, H. (2022). Investigating the Effect of the Internet of Things on Human Resource Development and Training in the Organization (Case Study: State Airlines). Managing Education in Organizations, 11(1), 99-118. (in Persian)
Mohanty, S. & Mishra, P.C. (2020). Framework for understanding Internet of Things in human resource management. Revista Espacios, 41(12), 3-13.
Moyeenudin, H.M., Anandan, R. (2021). IoT Implementation at Global Enterprises for Progressive Human Resource Practices. In: Peng, SL., Hao, RX., Pal, S. (eds) Proceedings of First International Conference on Mathematical Modeling and Computational Science. Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, vol 1292. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-4389-4_12.
Strohmeier, S. (2020). Smart HRM – a Delphi study on the application and consequences of the Internet of Things in Human Resource Management. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 31(18), 2289-2318.
Tongkachok, K., Akeji, A., Wumbei, B.M., Ibn Musah, A., Domathoti, H. & Bhau, G. (2021). Optimization of the enterprise HR management by using it. Material Today: Proceeding. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2021.07.268.
Venkatesh, D. A. N. (2017). Connecting the dots: Internet of Things and human resource management. American International Journal of Research in Humanities, Arts and Social Sciences, ISSN (Print), 2328-3734.
Vijayalakshmi, N.S., Lourens, M.E., Agyei, I., Cotrina-Aliaga, J.C., Chabani, Z. & Hasan, A. (2022). Role of the Internet of Things (IoT) to improve Overall Recruitment and Manpower management system of an organization. International Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 7(1), 54-67.
Wu, X. (2021). Research on Human Resource Management System Based on Internet of Things Technology. International Journal of Frontiers in Sociology, 3(10), 39-42.
Yawson, R., Woldeab, D. & Osafo, E. (2019). Human Resource Development and the Internet of Things. Proceedings of the 25th Annual Academy of Human Resource Development International Research Conference in the Americas. https://doi.org/10.31124/advance.9638417.v1