مرور نظام‌مند عوامل درون‌سازمانی مؤثر بر داده‌های دولتی باز با رویکرد دستیابی به نوآوری

نوع مقاله : مقاله علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری، گروه مدیریت، دانشکده علوم انسانی، واحد نجف‌آباد، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، نجف‌آباد، ایران.

2 استادیار، گروه مدیریت فناوری اطلاعات، دانشکده مدیریت، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران.

3 استادیار، گروه مدیریت، دانشکده علوم انسانی، واحد نجف‌آباد، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، نجف‌آباد، ایران.

چکیده

هدف: داده‌های دولتی در برگیرنده حجم وسیعی از داده‌های ارزشمند است که در صورت باز شدن، می‌توان از آن‌ها در حوزه‌های مختلف بهره‌ برد. بهره‌گیری از داده‌های دولتی باز، علاوه‌بر فراهم‌آوری امکان نظارت بر عملکرد دولت و نیز، ایجاد شفافیت و عدالت، کارکرد بسیار مهم دیگری دارد، همچون دستیابی به نوآوری که اخیراً در کانون توجه بسیاری از محققان قرار گرفته است. تاکنون در پژوهش‌های گذشته، عوامل درون‌سازمانی مؤثر بر داده‌های دولتی باز، برای دستیابی به نوآوری پراکنده و نامنسجم انجام شده است. پژوهش‌ حاضر به‌دنبال شناسایی عوامل درون‌سازمانی مؤثر بر داده‌های دولتی باز، جهت دستیابی به نوآوری در خدمات دولتی است و در صورت تقویت این عوامل، نوآوری‌های متعدد در سطح جامعه به‌واسطه باز شدن داده‌های دولتی محقق خواهد شد.
روش: در این پژوهش به‌منظور شناسایی عوامل درون‌سازمانی مؤثر بر داده‌های دولتی باز و دستیابی به نوآوری در خدمات دولتی، از روش نظام‌مند فراترکیب استفاده شده است. برای این منظور 888 مقاله مرتبط بر مبنای عنوان، چکیده و محتوا پالایش و 51 مقاله نهایی انتخاب شد.
یافته‌ها: براساس نتایج به‌دست‌آمده از روش تحلیل مضمون، 4 مقوله اصلی، شامل ابعاد فناوری، مدیریتی، انسانی و حکمرانی و 13 مقوله فرعی مشتمل بر جنبه‌های زیرساختی، سامانه‌های کاربردی، داده‌ای، ساختاری، فرایندی، راهبردی، اقتصادی، فردی، ارتباطات سازمانی، فرهنگ سازمانی، سیاستی، قانونی و حقوقی، و مرتبط با حکمرانی داده استخراج شد که دربردارنده 101 مفهوم و 479 کد نهایی است.
نتیجه‌گیری: نتایج این پژوهش نشان داد که عوامل سخت فناورانه، کمترین میزان اهمیت و به‌ترتیب عوامل داده‌ای، ساختاری و راهبردی بیشترین اهمیت را داشتند. از این رو، در راستای سیاست‌های داده‌های باز، نیاز است ابتدا موضوع نحوه دسترسی به داده‌ها و سپس کیفیت داده‌ها در اولویت سیاست‌گذاران قرار گیرد، در حوزه سیاست‌های ساختاری نیاز است که نحوه بسیج منابع و امکانات در کانون توجه قرار گیرد و در حوزه سیاست‌های راهبردی، باید نحوه تعامل با ذی‏نفعان تبیین شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

A Systematic Review of Intra-organizational Factors Affecting Open Government Data to Achieve Innovation in Government Services

نویسندگان [English]

  • Hamed Saraee 1
  • Ayoub Mohammadian 2
  • Naser Khani 3
1 Ph.D. Candidate, Department of Management, Faculty of Humanities, Najafabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad, Iran.
2 Assistant Prof., Department of Information Technology Management, Faculty of Management, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
3 Assistant Prof., Department of Management, Faculty of Humanities, Najafabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Objective
Government data contains a large amount of valuable data that can be exploited in various fields if opened. Utilizing open government data, in addition to providing the opportunity to monitor government performance and to create transparency and justice, has another very important function. It helps with developing innovation and the issue has recently been considered by many researchers. However, past research has inconsistently examined the intra-organizational factors influencing open government data to achieve innovation. The present study seeks to identify the intra-organizational factors affecting open government data to achieve innovation in government services through applying the systematic meta-combination method.
Methods
In this research, to identify the intra-organizational factors affecting open government data, the systematic meta-synthesis method was used. For this purpose, 888 related articles based on title, abstract and content were filtered and 51 final articles were obtained.
Results
 Based on the results obtained from the theme analysis method, four main categories including technological, managerial, human, and governance dimensions were distinguished. Also, 13 sub-categories including infrastructure, application systems, data, structural, process, strategic, economic, individual, organizational communication, organizational culture, policy, legal, and governance data were extracted which includes 101 concepts and 479 final codes.
Conclusion
The results of this study, contrary to the initial expectations, proved hard technological factors as the least important and other factors, including data, structural and legal factors, respectively as the most important. Thus, in data policies, first, it’s necessary to access data and consider the data quality. In structural policies, it is necessary to pay attention to how to mobilize resources and facilities. In strategic policies, how to interact with stakeholders is vital to be explained. Based on the findings of this research, the internal organizational factors affecting the formation of innovation based on open government data were classified into four main categories for better policy-making. In the category of technology, it is necessary to consider the technical and technological principles of open data from the aspect of required infrastructure, application systems, and data sources. In the management category, it is necessary to pay attention to structural and process requirements along with strategic and economic aspects. In the human category that examines the soft aspects, it is necessary to pay attention to the issue of open data from individual perspectives, communication, and organizational culture. In the category of governance, policy aspects, organizational rules, and factors related to data governance need to be considered with the aim of achieving innovation from open government data. Therefore, the present study initially tried to provide a comprehensive framework for policy-making in government institutions by interpreting and presenting a new category of internal factors. Secondly, it sought to smooth the path of future research to expand and spread innovation based on open data.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • E-government
  • Open government data
  • Innovation
  • Intra-organizational factors
  • Meta- synthesis
ابوالمعالی، فاطمه السادات؛ دانش‌فرد، کرم‌اله؛ پورعزت، علی اصغر (1399). الگویی برای شناسایی پیش‌ران‌های کاربست مدل حکومت باز در دستگاه‌های اجرایی ایران (مورد مطالعه: وزارت کشور). مدیریت دولتی، 12(1)، 145-174.‎
سازمان فناوری اطلاعات ایران (1399). سامانه ملی کاتالوگ و مجموعه داده‌های باز و کاربردی کشور. دسترسی در آدرس: http://data.gov.ir
عرب، سیدمحمد؛ ابراهیم‌زاده پزشکی، رضا؛ مروتی، علی (1393). طراحی مدل فراترکیب عوامل مؤثر بر طلاق با مرور نظام‌مند مطالعه‌های پیشین. مجله تخصصی اپیدمیولوژی ایران، 4(10)، 10- 20.
غفاری، حسن؛ کرد، باقر؛ یعقوبی، نورمحمد؛ کشته‌گر، عبدالعلی (1400). شناسایی پیشایندها و پیامدهای استقرار حاکمیت داده‌های بزرگ در سازمان‌های دولتی با استفاده از روش‌شناسی آمیخته. مدیریت دولتی، 13(4)، 684-705.‎
مقیمی، سیدمحمد؛ پورعزت، علی اصغر؛ لطیفی، میثم؛ ابراهیمی، امید (1400). ارائه مدلی جامع از مشارکت خبرگان و تشکل‌های مردم‌نهاد در مدیریت عملکرد بخش عمومی. مدیریت دولتی، 13(1)، 3-28.‎
یخچالی، مهدی؛ طهماسبی، رضا؛ لطیفی، میثم؛ فرجی ملائی، امین (1399). واکاوی ویژگی‌های دولت به‌مثابه ‌پلتفرم با استفاده از مرور نظام‌مند و فراترکیب. مدیریت دولتی، 12(2)، 204-237.‎
 
References
Aboalmaali, F. S., Daneshfard, K., & Pourezzat, A. A. (2020). A Pattern to Recognition of Triggering Element of Open Government Implementation in Iran's Public Organizations (Case Study: Ministry of Interior). Journal of Public Administration, 12(1), 145-174. (in Persian)
Altayar, M. S. (2018). Motivations for open data adoption: An institutional theory perspective. Government Information Quarterly, 35(4), 633-643.
Arab, S., Ebrahimzadeh Pezeshki, R. & Morovati Sharifabadi A. (2015). Designing a Meta-Synthesis Model of Factors Affecting Divorce by Systematic Review of Previous Studies. Iranian Journal of Epidemiology,10 (4), 10-22. (in Persian)
Attard, J., Orlandi, F., & Auer, S. (2016, January). Value creation on open government data. In 2016 49th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS) (pp. 2605-2614). IEEE.
Attard, J., Orlandi, F., Scerri, S., & Auer, S. (2015). A systematic review of open government data initiatives. Government information quarterly, 32(4), 399-418.
Benitez, F., & Huerta, J. (2017). City Data 3.0-A generic initiative to promote and assess the reuse of geographic information in cities-Early steps.
Bittencourt, C., Estima, J., & Pestana, G. (2019, June). Open Data Initiatives in Brazil. In 2019 14th Iberian Conference on Information Systems and Technologies (CISTI) (pp. 1-4). IEEE.
Brown, G. (2013). Why Kenya’s open data portal is failing–and why it can still succeed. Sunlight Foundation.
Buda, A., Ubacht, J., Janssen, M., & Sips, R. J. (2016, June). Decision support framework for opening business data. In ECEG2016-Proceedings of 16th European Conference on e-Government ECEG 2016 (p. 29). Academic Conferences and publishing limited.
Buse Sevinc Cubuk, E., Karkin, N., & Yavuz, N. (2019, June). Public sector innovativeness and public values through information and communication technologies. In Proceedings of the 20th Annual International Conference on Digital Government Research (pp. 353-361).
Chatfield, A. T., & Reddick, C. G. (2018). The role of policy entrepreneurs in open government data policy innovation diffusion: An analysis of Australian Federal and State Governments. Government Information Quarterly, 35(1), 123-134.
De Blasio, E., & Selva, D. (2016). Why choose open government? Motivations for the adoption of open government policies in four European countries. Policy & Internet, 8(3), 225-247.
Eckartz, S. M., Hofman, W. J., & Van Veenstra, A. F. (2014, September). A decision model for data sharing. In International conference on electronic government (pp. 253-264). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.
Flint, D. J., Woodruff, R.B., & Fisher Gardial, S. (2002). Exploring the Phenomenon of Customers' Desired Value Changes in a Business-to-Business Context. Journal of Marketing, 66 (4), 102-117
Gascó-Hernández, M., Martin, E. G., Reggi, L., Pyo, S., & Luna-Reyes, L. F. (2018). Promoting the use of open government data: Cases of training and engagement. Government Information Quarterly, 35(2), 233-242.
Ghaffari, H., Kord, B., Yaghoubi, N. M., & Keshtegar, A. A. (2021). Identifying the Factors and Outcomes of Establishing Big Data Governance in Governmental Organizations Using a Mixed Methodology. Journal of Public Administration, 13(4), 684-705. (in Persian)
Grimmelikhuijsen, S. G., & Feeney, M. K. (2017). Developing and testing an integrative framework for open government adoption in local governments. Public Administration Review, 77(4), 579-590.
Hermanto, A., Solimun, S., Fernandes, A. A. R., Wahyono, W., & Zulkarnain, Z. (2018). The importance of open government data for the private sector and NGOs in Indonesia. Digital Policy, Regulation and Governance.
Huber, F., Wainwright, T., & Rentocchini, F. (2020). Open data for open innovation: managing absorptive capacity in SMEs. R&D Management, 50(1), 31-46.
Information Technology Organization of Iran (2019). National catalog system and open and applied data set of the country. Access at: http://data.gov.ir (in Persian)
Janssen, M., Konopnicki, D., Snowdon, J. L., & Ojo, A. (2017). Driving public sector innovation using big and open linked data (BOLD). Information systems frontiers, 19(2), 189-195.
Jetzek, T., Avital, M., & Bjorn-Andersen, N. (2013, December). Generating Value from Open Government Data. In ICIS.
Jetzek, T., Avital, M., & Bjorn-Andersen, N. (2014). Data-driven innovation through open government data. Journal of theoretical and applied electronic commerce research, 9(2), 100-120.
Jugend, D., Jabbour, C. J. C., Scaliza, J. A. A., Rocha, R. S., Junior, J. A. G., Latan, H., & Salgado, M. H. (2018). Relationships among open innovation, innovative performance, government support and firm size: Comparing Brazilian firms embracing different levels of radicalism in innovation. Technovation, 74, 54-65.
Khan, Z. T., & Johnson, P. A. (2020). Citizen and government coproduction of data: Analyzing the challenges to government adoption of VGI. The Canadian Geographer/Le Géographe canadien, 64(3), 374-387.
Khurshid, M. M., Zakaria, N. H., Rashid, A., & Shafique, M. N. (2018a). Examining the Factors of Open Government Data Usability from Academician's Perspective. International Journal of Information Technology Project Management (IJITPM), 9(3), 72-85.
Khurshid, M. M., Zakaria, N. H., Rashid, A., Kazmi, R., & Shafique, M. N. (2018, b). Diffusion of big open data policy innovation in government and public bodies in Pakistan. In International Conference on Intelligent Technologies and Applications (pp. 326-337). Springer, Singapore.
Khurshid, M. M., Zakaria, N. H., Rashid, A., Kazmi, R., Shafique, M. N., & Ahmad, M. N. (2019). Analyzing diffusion patterns of big open data as policy innovation in public sector. Computers & Electrical Engineering, 78, 148-161.
Kim, J. H., & Eom, S. J. (2019). The managerial dimension of open data success: Focusing on the open data initiatives in Korean local governments. Sustainability, 11(23), 6758.
Krasikov, P., Obrecht, T., Legner, C., & Eurich, M. (2020). Is Open Data Ready for Use by Enterprises? Learnings from Corporate Registers. In DATA (pp. 109-120).
Kučera, J. (2017). Analysis of barriers to publishing and re-use of open government data. IDIMT 2017 Digit. Manag. Soc. Econ.-25th Interdiscip. Inf. Manag. Talks, 305-314.
Ma, R., & Lam, P. T. (2019). Investigating the barriers faced by stakeholders in open data development: A study on Hong Kong as a “smart city”. Cities, 92, 36-46.
Maccani, G. (2016). Exploring the factors that influence adoption of open government data for commercial service innovation in cities (Doctoral dissertation, National University of Ireland, Maynooth (Ireland)).
Maccani, G., Donnellan, B., & Helfert, M. (2015a). Exploring the factors that influence the diffusion of open data for new service development: An interpretive case study.
Maccani, G., Donnellan, B., & Helfert, M. (2015b). Open data diffusion for service Innovation: An inductive case study on cultural open data services.
Maccani, G., Donnellan, B., & Helfert, M. (2018). Adoption of Open Government Data for Commercial Service Innovation: An Inductive Case Study on Parking Open Data Services.
Martin, C. (2014). Barriers to the open government data agenda: Taking a multi‐level perspective. Policy & Internet, 6(3), 217-240.
Matheus, R., & Janssen, M. (2016, June). Towards an ambidextrous government: Strategies for balancing exploration and exploitation in open government. In Proceedings of the 17th International Digital Government Research Conference on Digital Government Research (pp. 334-341).
McBride, K., Aavik, G., Toots, M., Kalvet, T., & Krimmer, R. (2019). How does open government data driven co-creation occur? Six factors and a ‘perfect storm’؛ insights from Chicago's food inspection forecasting model. Government Information Quarterly, 36(1), 88-97.
Moghimi, S. M., Pourezzat, A. A., Latifi, M., & Ebrahimi, O. (2021). Explaining the status of participation of experts and NGO’s in Iran’s public sector performance management. Journal of Public Administration, 13(1), 3-28. doi: 10.22059/jipa.2020.306648.2779. (in Persian)
Mustapa, M. N., Hamid, S., & Nasaruddin, F. H. M. (2019). Exploring the issues of open government data implementation in Malaysian public sectors. International Journal on Advanced Science, Engineering and Information Technology, 9(4), 1466-1473.
Ojo, A., Porwol, L., Waqar, M., Stasiewicz, A., Osagie, E., Hogan, M., ... & Zeleti, F. A. (2016, October). Realizing the innovation potentials from open data: Stakeholders’ perspectives on the desired affordances of open data environment. In Working Conference on Virtual Enterprises (pp. 48-59). Springer, Cham.
Ribeiro, F. G. D. M. M. (2017). Value creation and barriers in the commercial use of open government data (Doctoral dissertation, Universidade do Porto (Portugal)).
Ruijer, E., & Meijer, A. (2020). Open government data as an innovation process: Lessons from a living lab experiment. Public Performance & Management Review, 43(3), 613-635.
Ruijer, E., Grimmelikhuijsen, S., & Meijer, A. (2017). Open data for democracy: Developing a theoretical framework for open data use. Government Information Quarterly, 34(1), 45-52.
Sayogo, D. S., & Pardo, T. A. (2013, June). Understanding smart data disclosure policy success: The case of Green Button. In Proceedings of the 14th annual international conference on digital government research (pp. 72-81).
Schmidthuber, L., Piller, F., Bogers, M., & Hilgers, D. (2019). Citizen participation in public administration: investigating open government for social innovation. R&D Management, 49(3), 343-355.
Smith, G., & Sandberg, J. (2018). Barriers to innovating with open government data: Exploring experiences across service phases and user types. Information Polity, 23(3), 249-265.
Smith, G., Ofe, H. A., & Sandberg, J. (2016, January). Digital service innovation from open data: exploring the value proposition of an open data marketplace. In 2016 49th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS) (pp. 1277-1286). IEEE.
Styrin, E., Luna-Reyes, L. F., & Harrison, T. M. (2017). Open data ecosystems: an international comparison. Transforming Government: People, Process and Policy.
Susha, I., Grönlund, Å., & Janssen, M. (2015). Driving factors of service innovation using open government data: An exploratory study of entrepreneurs in two countries. Information polity, 20(1), 19-34.
Talukder, M. S., Shen, L., Talukder, M. F. H., & Bao, Y. (2019). Determinants of user acceptance and use of open government data (OGD): An empirical investigation in Bangladesh. Technology in Society, 56, 147-156.
Toots, M., Mcbride, K., Kalvet, T., & Krimmer, R. (2017, May). Open data as enabler of public service co-creation: Exploring the drivers and barriers. In 2017 Conference for E-Democracy and Open Government (CeDEM) (pp. 102-112). IEEE.
Wang, H. J. (2020). Adoption of open government data: perspectives of user innovators.
Wang, H. J., & Lo, J. (2016). Adoption of open government data among government agencies. Government Information Quarterly, 33(1), 80-88.
Wang, H. J., & Lo, J. (2019). Factors influencing the adoption of open government data at the firm level. IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management, 67(3), 670-682.
Yakhchali, M., Tahmasebi, R., Latifi, M., & Faraji Mollaie, A. (2020). Investigating Government as a Platform Characteristics: A Systematic Literature Review and Meta-Synthesis. Journal of Public Administration12(2), 204-237. (in Persian)
Zhenbin, Y., Kankanhalli, A., Ha, S., & Tayi, G. K. (2020). What drives public agencies to participate in open government data initiatives? an innovation resource perspective. Information & Management, 57(3), 103179.
Zuiderwijk, A., Helbig, N., Gil-García, J. R., & Janssen, M. (2014). Special issue on innovation through open data-A review of the state-of-the-art and an emerging research agenda: Guest editors’ introduction. Journal of theoretical and applied electronic commerce research, 9(2), 1-13.
Zuiderwijk, A., Shinde, R., & Janssen, M. (2019). Investigating the attainment of open government data objectives: Is there a mismatch between objectives and results. International Review of Administrative Sciences, 85(4), 645-672.