جوهره فرقه‌گرایی در سازمان‌های دولتی: پژوهشی در افغانستان

نوع مقاله : مقاله علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 کارشناس ارشد، گروه مدیریت دولتی، دانشکده علوم اداری و اقتصاد، دانشگاه ولی عصر (عج)، رفسنجان، ایران.

2 دانشیار، گروه مدیریت، دانشکده علوم اداری و اقتصاد، دانشگاه ولی عصر (عج)، رفسنجان، ایران.

چکیده

هدف: فرقه‌گرایی در سازمان، در فراگرد مردم‌سالاری سازمانی پدیده‌ای کژکارکردی و اخلالگر تلقی می‌شود. پژوهش حاضر با هدف کشف جوهره این پدیده در سازمان‌های دولتی ولایت هرات افغانستان انجام شده است.
روش: راهبرد پژوهش، پدیدارشناسی وصفی و مشارکت‌کنندگان در آن 24 نفر از کارکنان 16 سازمان دولتی ولایت هرات افغانستان بودند که با استفاده از نمونه‌گیری نوعی تا مرحله اشباع نظری انتخاب شده بودند. برای تحلیل مصاحبه‌ها از نرم‌افزار Maxqda استفاده شد.
یافته‌ها: یافته‌های پژوهش نشان داد که جوهره فرقه‌گرایی در سازمان‌های مورد مطالعه، شامل چهار دسته آلایه‌های رفتاری فرقه‌گرایانه به‌عنوان سازه‌های سامان‌بخش این پدیده می‌شود که عبارت‌اند از رفتارهای سیاسی فرقه‌ای، تقدم روابط فرقه‌ای بر ضوابط، تبعیض فرقه‌ای و مبادله فرقه‌گرایانه رهبر ـ عضو.
نتیجه‌گیری: رفتارهای فرقه‌گرایانه سازمانی در قلمرو مکانی پژوهش رفتارهای سیاسی فرقه‌ای با ماهیت نفع‌طلبانه برای اعضای فرقه در سازمان حتی به بهای منافع جمع هستند که به‌صورت تبعیض فرقه‌ای از نوع جنسیتی و قومی ظهور می‌یابند. در این پدیده از رهگذر مبادله فرقه‌گرایانه رهبر ـ عضو، اعضای فرقه توسط مدیریت سازمان خودی و سایر اعضا غیرخودی تلقی می‌شوند و در نتیجه خودی‌ها در مقایسه با اعضا از منافع ویژه‌ای برخوردار خواهند شد. با این فرض، روابط فرقه‌ای بر ضوابط ترجیح داده می‌شوند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

The Essence of Sectarianism in Public Organizations: A Study in Afghanistan

نویسندگان [English]

  • Adeleh Alkouzehi 1
  • Mostafa Hadavinejad 2
1 MSc., Department of Public Administration, Faculty of Administrative Sciences and Economy, Vali-e-Asr University, Rafsanjan, Iran.
2 Department of Management, Faculty of Administrative Sciences and Economy, Vali-e-Asr University, Rafsanjan, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Objective: Sectarianism in a workplace is a dysfunctional phenomenon that is disruptive in the process of organizational democracy. The purpose of this study is to discover the essence of this phenomenon in public organizations in Herat province of Afghanistan.
Methods: The research strategy was descriptive phenomenology and participants were 24 employees from 16 public organizations in Herat province of Afghanistan, selected through a typical sampling to theoretical saturation. Maxqda software was used to analyze the interviews.
Results: The findings of the study showed that the essence of sectarianism in the studied organizations include four categories of sectarian behavioral artifacts as organizing building blocks of this phenomenon: sectarian political behaviors, precedence of sectarian relationships to regulations, discrimination sectarian and leader-member sectarian exchange.
Conclusion: Organizational sectarian behaviors in the domain of research are sectarian political behaviors that are favorable for members of the sect, but to the detriment of public interests, which emerge as sectarian and gender-based discrimination. In this phenomenon, through the leader-member sectarian exchange, members of the sect are regarded by the management as in-group and the others as out-group persons, and thus the in-groups enjoy special interests over other members. For this reason, sectarian relationships are preferred over the regulations.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Sectarianism
  • Behavioral artifacts
  • Phenomenology
  • Descriptive phenomenology
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