شایستگی‌های رهبران در محیط‌های متلاطم (یک مطالعه فراترکیب)

نوع مقاله : مقاله علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشیار، گروه مدیریت و برنامه‌ریزی آموزشی، دانشکده روان‏شناسی و علوم تربیتی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران.

2 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد، گروه مدیریت آموزشی، دانشکده روان‌شناسی و علوم تربیتی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران.

چکیده

هدف: پژوهش حاضر با هدف شناسایی شایستگی‌های رهبران (دانش، مهارت، توانایی، نگرش و ویژگی‌ها) در محیط‌های متلاطم اجرا شده است.
روش: این مطالعه ار نظر هدف کاربردی است و با رویکرد کیفی و شیوه فراترکیب که نوعی مرور سیستماتیک محسوب می‌شود، انجام شده است. بدین منظور، از مراحل فراترکیب سندولوسکی و بارسو (۲۰۰۷) استفاده شده است. کلیه اسناد علمی یافت شده در بین سال‌های ۲۰۱۶ تا ۲۰۲۳ به تعداد ۴۸۳ سند علمی، جامعه پژوهش حاضر را شکل می‌دهد که در ۸ پایگاه خارجی و ۴ پایگاه داخلی یافت شدند. پایگاه‌های اطلاعاتی شامل پروکوئست، گوگل اسکولار، ساینس دایرکت، پاب‎مد، سیج، ایمرالد، ریسرچ‌گیت، اشپرینگر، اس‌آی‌دی، ایران‌داک، نورمگز و مگ‌ایران و با کلیدواژه‌های مختلف و راهبردهای متنوع جست‌وجو، بررسی و جست‌وجو شدند. در نخستین گام از جست‌وجو ۴۸۳ منبع علمی در منابع یاد شده به‌دست آمد که بر اساس غربالگری، درنهایت ۲۷ سند علمی پس از واکاوی عناوین و محتوا، گزینش و تحلیل شد. تحلیل یافته‌ها با روش تحلیل مضمون (تماتیک) صورت گرفت.
یافته‌ها: بررسی ادبیات موجود در زمینه شایستگی‌های رهبران در محیط متلاطم، نشان می‌دهد که تاکنون پژوهش‌های متعددی در این زمینه صورت پذیرفته است؛ اما در هریک از آن‌ها تنها به بخشی از ابعاد این شایستگی‌ها پرداخته شده است و ابعاد و مقوله‌های رهبری در شرایط متلاطم، به‌صورت کامل و جامع بررسی نشده و الگویی همه‌جانبه، جامع و مانع از این شایستگی‌ها ارائه نشده است. بر اساس یافته‌های مطالعه حاضر، شایستگی‌های  رهبران در محیط متلاطم، در پنج بُعد دانش، توانایی، مهارت، ویژگی و نگرش دسته‌بندی شدند که هریک مؤلفه‌هایی را دربردارد. دانش: شامل دانش سازمانی (مشتمل بر ۸ مفهوم) و دانش پیرامونی یا محیطی (مشتمل بر ۵ مفهوم). توانایی: توانایی خودتوسعه‌ای (مشتمل بر ۷ مفهوم)، توانایی ذهنی و تحلیلی (مشتمل بر ۶ مفهوم)، توانایی هدایتگری (مشتمل بر ۷ مفهوم)، توانایی انسجام‌بخشی (مشتمل بر ۸ مفهوم)، توانایی درک پیچیدگی‌ها (مشتمل بر ۴ مفهوم)، توانایی ادراکی یا تفکری (مشتمل بر ۸ مفهوم). مهارت: شامل مهارت تیم‌سازی (مشتمل بر ۶ مفهوم)، مهارت ارتباطی (مشتمل بر ۳ مفهوم)، مهارت توانمندسازی (مشتمل بر ۹ مفهوم)، مهارت تصمیم‌گیری در شرایط ناپایدار (مشتمل بر ۱۲ مفهوم)، مهارت فناورانه (مشتمل بر ۳ مفهوم)، ویژگی: شامل اخلاق فردی (مشتمل بر۶ مفهوم)، اخلاق سازمانی و حرفه‌ای (مشتمل بر ۱۱ مفهوم)، روان‌شناختی (مشتمل بر ۹ مفهوم). نگرش: شامل اشتیاق به بهبود (مشتمل بر ۸ مفهوم)، بینش راهبردی (مشتمل بر ۸ مفهوم).
نتیجه‌گیری: بر اساس یافته‌های حاصل از پژوهش حاضر، می‌توان نتیجه گرفت که رهبران سازمان‌های کنونی، باید برای مواجهۀ اثربخش با شرایط متلاطم پیرامونی، از شایستگی‌های لازم برخوردار باشند. با ارائه مدلی یکپارچه از شایستگی‌های رهبران در محیط‌های متلاطم، رهبران در جهان متلاطم کنونی قادر خواهند بود که شایستگی‌های مذکور را شناسایی و ارزیابی کنند و برای توسعۀ آن، برنامه‌ریزی‌های لازم را انجام دهند تا زمینۀ پرورش و ارتقای فردی، گروهی و سازمانی (برای خود و سایر رهبران سازمان) به‌صورت پایدار و اثربخش در محیط متلاطم فراهم شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Leadership Competencies in Turbulent Environments (A Meta-synthesis Study)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Javad Pourkarimi 1
  • Mahsa Azizi 2
1 Associate Prof., Department of Educational Management, Faculty of Psychology & Education Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
2 MSc. Student, Department of Educational Management, Faculty of Psychology & Education Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Objective
The present research was conducted with the aim of identifying the competencies (knowledge, skills, abilities, attitudes, and characteristics) required of leaders in a turbulent environment.
Methods
This study employed a qualitative approach and a meta-synthesis method. The method provided by Sandelowski and Barroso (2007) was utilized for this purpose. The research community consisted of 483 scientific documents published between 2016 and 2023, which were sourced from 8 international and 4 domestic databases. The databases searched included ProQuest, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, PubMed, Sage, Emerald, ResearchGate, Springer, SID, IranDoc, Normex, and MagIran. After analyzing the titles and content, 27 scientific documents were selected and thoroughly analyzed. The findings were then analyzed using the thematic analysis method.
Results
A review of the existing literature on the competencies of leaders in turbulent environments reveals that, despite the substantial research conducted in this field, only certain aspects of these competencies have been addressed. The dimensions and categories of leadership in turbulent conditions have not been comprehensively examined together, nor has a comprehensive model been developed. Moreover, the obstacles to developing these competencies have not been adequately presented. Based on the findings of the present study, the competencies of leaders in a turbulent environment were organized into five dimensions: abilities, individual ethics, organizational and psychological ethics, attitudes, knowledge, and skills. The knowledge dimension includes 13 concepts under two components: organizational knowledge and peripheral knowledge. The abilities dimension consists of self-development, mental and analytical components, guidance, coherence, understanding of complexities, and cognitive (thinking) components, comprising a total of 40 items or concepts. The skills dimension encompasses team building, communication, empowerment, and decision-making (in unstable conditions), totaling 33 concepts. In the attitude dimension, 26 concepts were organized under the components of passion for improvement and strategic vision. The integrated components derived from these concepts include organizational and peripheral knowledge; self-development, mental and analytical abilities, guidance, coherence, understanding of complexities, and cognitive (thinking) abilities; team building skills, communication, empowerment, decision-making (in unstable conditions), and technological skills; individual ethics, organizational (professional) ethics, and psychological ethics; and an attitude of passion for improvement and strategic vision. Overall, from the 27 reviewed studies, one main theme, 5 primary themes (areas of competence), and 18 sub-components related to competence were identified.
Conclusion
To ensure the quality of the research, the analysis and interpretation of the documents were conducted with high accuracy and thorough documentation. Additionally, the opinions and feedback of experts were incorporated at various stages of the research. By providing an integrated model of leaders' competencies in a turbulent environment, this research enables leaders in today's volatile world to identify and develop the necessary competencies to achieve stable and effective organizational performance. Furthermore, they can assess these competencies in their peers and lay the foundation for their development.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Crisis and chaos
  • Meta-synthesis
  • The competencies of leaders
  • Turbulent environment

مراجع

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