ارائه مدل شناسایی حوزه‌‌ها و ابعاد اثربخشی کارکنان کلیدی

نوع مقاله : مقاله علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری، گروه مدیریت دولتی، پردیس قشم، دانشگاه تهران، قشم، ایران.

2 دانشیار، گروه رهبری و سرمایۀ انسانی، دانشکدۀ مدیریت دولتی و علوم سازمانی، دانشکدگان مدیریت، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران.

3 استادیار، گروه حکمرانی نوآوری و پایداری، دانشکدۀ حکمرانی، دانشکدگان مدیریت، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران.

10.22059/jipa.2026.409889.3859

چکیده

هدف: کارکنان کلیدی به‌عنوان منبع مزیت رقابتی، در دستیابی به اهداف و مأموریت‌های سازمان نقش مهمی ایفا می‌کنند. از این رو شرکت بهره‌برداری و پشتیبانی فنی مپنا که از سال ۱۳۹۸، به شناسایی این دسته از کارکنان اقدام کرده است و چالش‌هایی مانند هزینه‌های هنگفت، دشواری‌های اجرایی، پیامدهای ایجاد تمایز میان کارکنان، تردیدهای مدیریتی و به‌ویژه نبود چارچوب بومی و جامع برای سنجش حوزه‌ها و ابعاد اثربخشی آنان، مانع از ادامه فرایند و بهره‌برداری کامل از پتانسیل این کارکنان شده است. این پژوهش با هدف شناسایی و تبیین حوزه‌ها و ابعاد اثربخشی کارکنان کلیدی در این شرکت و به‌دنبال پُر کردن این خلأ تحقیقاتی و ارائۀ مبنایی برای تقویت عملکرد سازمانی اجرا شده است.
روش: پژوهش حاضر از نظر هدف، کاربردی است و از حیث روش، کیفی با رویکرد تحلیل مضمون تلقی می‌شود. در مرحلۀ نخست، پیشینه‌های نظری و تجربی مطالعات حوزۀ اثربخشی کارکنان کلیدی مرور شد. در ادامه و در بخش اصلی پژوهش، ۱۳ مصاحبۀ نیمه‌ساختاریافته با خبرگان فعال در این حوزه انجام شد که این افراد به‌روش نمونه‌گیری هدفمند انتخاب شدند. خبرگانی که در اجرای طرح شناسایی کارکنان کلیدی در این شرکت نقش داشتند، عبارت بودند از: مشاوران طرح، معاونان ستادی و مدیران نیروگاه‌ها. اشباع نظری در مصاحبۀ دهم حاصل شد؛ با این حال، به‏منظور اطمینان، مصاحبه‌ها تا ۱۳ نفر ادامه یافت. داده‌ها با استفاده از روش تحلیل مضمون، شامل کدگذاری سه‌مرحله‌ای (باز، محوری و انتخابی) تجزیه‌وتحلیل شدند.
یافته‌ها: بر اساس تحلیل مضمون ۱۳ مصاحبۀ انجام‌شده با خبرگان سازمانی، ابتدا در مرحلۀ کدگذاری باز، ۶۷۵ کد به‌دست آمد که با حذف کدهای یکسان، به ۵۱۴ کد اولیه تقلیل یافت. این کدها در ۲۱ مقولۀ فرعی طبقه‌بندی شدند که عبارت‌اند از: حل مسئله، تصمیم‌گیری، تعالی عملیاتی، نوآوری، چابکی یادگیری، انعطاف‌پذیری، تعهد، رفتارهای اخلاقی، تاب‌آوری، رهبری تیمی، انتقال دانش، مرجعیت تخصصی، تأثیرهای مالی، بهره‌وری، مزیت رقابتی، رضایت مشتری، نگهداشت، برند کارفرمایی، اعتبار حرفه‌ای، شهرت و برند، مسئولیت اجتماعی. در مراحل بعدی کدگذاری (محوری و انتخابی)، این مقوله‌های فرعی، به هفت حوزه و بُعد اصلی اثربخشی کارکنان کلیدی نیروگاهی تجمیع شدند: ۱. قابلیت ادراکی و اجرایی؛ ۲. قابلیت نوآوری و توسعۀ تحول‌آفرین؛ ۳. قابلیت خودمدیریتی و تاب‌آوری اخلاقی؛ ۴. قابلیت تأثیرگذاری بر سرمایۀ انسانی سازمان؛ ۵. قابلیت ارزش‌آفرینی در سطح سازمانی؛ ۶. قابلیت مدیریت ذی‌نفعان و پایداری داخلی؛ ۷. قابلیت توسعۀ نفوذ و مسئولیت اجتماعی. در نهایت، بر اساس این یافته‌ها، «مدل شناسایی حوزه‌ها و ابعاد اثربخشی کارکنان کلیدی نیروگاهی» ارائه شد.
نتیجه‌گیری: بر اساس یافته‌های این پژوهش، حوزه‌ها و ابعاد اصلی اثربخشی کارکنان کلیدی نیروگاهی شناسایی و مدل پیشنهادی برای سنجش این اثربخشی تدوین شد. این مدل می‌تواند به‌عنوان مبنایی برای ارزیابی عملکرد کارکنان کلیدی، در سازمان‌های مشابه به‌کار گرفته شود. پیشنهاد می‌شود که در پژوهش‌های آتی، این مدل در سازمان‌های دیگر آزمون شود و شاخص‌های کمّی برای سنجش اثربخشی توسعه یابد. همچنین، بررسی تأثیر عوامل فرهنگی و محیطی بر این ابعاد، به درک عمیق‌تری از نقش این دسته از کارکنان در موفقیت سازمانی منجر خواهد شد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Developing a Model for Identifying the Domains and Dimensions of Key Employees' Effectiveness

نویسندگان [English]

  • Saeed Ghasemi 1
  • Mojtaba Amiri 2
  • Mehran Badin Dahesh 3
1 PhD Candidate, Department of Public Administration, Qeshm Campus, University of Tehran, Qeshm, Iran.
2 Associate Prof., Department of Leadership and Human Capital, Faculty of Public Administration and Organizational Sciences, College of Management, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
3 Assistant Prof., Department of Innovation and Sustainability Governance, Faculty of Governance, College of Management, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Objective
Key employees represent a critical source of competitive advantage and play an essential role in the achievement of organizational missions and strategic objectives. In the Mopna Power Plant Operation and Technical Support Company, a structured process for identifying key employees has been in place since 2019–2020. However, several obstacles have hindered its continuity and reduced the organization’s ability to fully leverage the capabilities of these employees. These challenges include high implementation costs, operational complexities, the possibility of negative consequences arising from employee differentiation, managerial hesitation in applying differentiated HR practices, and, above all, the lack of an indigenous and comprehensive framework for assessing the domains and dimensions of key employees’ effectiveness. The absence of such a framework has limited the organization’s ability to evaluate the contributions of key employees in a systematic and evidence-based manner. To address this gap, the present study aims to identify and explain the domains and dimensions of key employees’ effectiveness in the specific context of Mopna Power Plant Operation and Technical Support Company. The overarching objective is to provide conceptual clarity and support the development of a practical foundation for improving organizational performance through more informed identification and utilization of key employees.
Methods
This research is applied in purpose and qualitative in nature, employing thematic analysis as the primary methodological approach. The study proceeded in two major phases. In the preliminary phase, an extensive review of theoretical and empirical literature on key employee effectiveness was conducted to establish a conceptual foundation and to identify existing approaches and limitations in prior research. In the main empirical phase, data were gathered through semi-structured interviews with 13 subject-matter experts directly involved in designing or implementing the company’s key employee identification program. These individuals included program consultants, staff deputies, and power plant managers, selected through purposive sampling to ensure relevant expertise. Theoretical saturation was achieved after ten interviews, but data collection continued until thirteen interviews were completed to enhance reliability. The interview data were analyzed through a thematic analysis process involving three stages: open coding, axial coding, and selective coding.
Results
Thematic analysis of the interviews initially produced 675 open codes, which, after removing redundancies, were reduced to 514 unique codes. These codes were organized into 21 sub-categories representing various aspects of key employee effectiveness, including problem-solving, decision-making, operational excellence, innovation, learning agility, flexibility, commitment, ethical behaviors, resilience, team leadership, knowledge transfer, specialized authority, financial impacts, productivity, competitive advantage, customer satisfaction, retention, employer branding, professional credibility, reputation and branding, and social responsibility. Through axial and selective coding, these 21 sub-categories were further integrated into seven overarching domains and dimensions of key employee effectiveness within the power plant context. These include: (1) perceptual and executive capabilities, (2) innovation and transformative development, (3) self-management and ethical resilience, (4) impact on organizational human capital, (5) value creation at the organizational level, (6) stakeholder management and internal sustainability, and (7) development of influence and social responsibility. Based on these findings, the “Model for Identifying the Domains and Dimensions of Power Plant Key Employees’ Effectiveness” was formulated.
Conclusion
The study identified and articulated the primary domains and dimensions that characterize the effectiveness of key employees in the Mopna Power Plant Operation and Technical Support Company. The resulting model offers an indigenous and systematic framework for evaluating key employees’ performance and contributions, and it may serve as a useful reference for similar organizations seeking to strengthen their key talent identification and development processes. The study encourages future research to test the applicability of the proposed model in other organizational contexts, develop quantitative indicators for measuring effectiveness, and examine the role of environmental and cultural variables in shaping key employee effectiveness.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Competency
  • Competitive advantage
  • Indigenous effectiveness model
  • Power plant key employees
  • Thematic analysis
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