Designing a Phased Model of Crisis Management with the Empowerment Approach of Local Communities Using Meta-synthesis Approach

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Ph.D. Candidate, Department of Public Administration, Faculty of Humanistic Discipline, Azad University, Birjand, Iran.

2 Prof., Department of Management, Faculty of Management, University of Sistan and Baluchestan , Zahedan, Iran.

3 Assistant Prof., Department of Management, Azad University, Birjand, Iran.

Abstract

Objective: In recent years, an empowerment approach of local communities has emerged as one of the approaches used in crisis management. The present study aims to provide a Model of Crisis Management with an empowerment approach of local communities using a meta-synthesis approach.
Methods: This paper is conducted based on the archival research approach using Comparative method for identifying talent research approaches as a coding framework for the qualitative content analysis strategy using the meta-synthesis approach.
Results: In this study, the factors affecting crisis management with the capacity building approach of local communities in four categories: "factors related to the crisis prevention and mitigation phase", "factors related to the crisis preparedness phase", "factors related to the crisis response phase" and "Factors related to the post-crisis reconstruction and rehabilitation phase" were included. Also, each of these stages consisted of subsections.
Conclusion: Regarding the five-step model presented in this study, Given that a comprehensive and phased model for crisis management has not yet been developed with an emphasis on the empowerment of local communities in the country, this study can be considered a comprehensive and appropriate roadmap for crisis management with empowerment approach of local communities in the country.

Keywords


 
Adger, W. N. (2010). Social and ecological resilience: Are they related? Progress in Human Geography, 24(3), 347-364.
Ahmadi, I. (2015). Role of media on crisis management. Exploratory Studies in Law and Management, 2(3), 190-197.
Alparslan, E., Ince, F., Erkan, B., Aydoner, C., Ozen, H., Donertas, A., Ergintav, S., Yagsan, F., Zaterogulları, A., & Eroglu, I., (2008). A GIS model for settlement suitability regarding disaster mitigation, a case study in Bolu Turkey. Engineering Geology, 96(3), 126-14.
Arghan, A. (2016). Investigating the location of crisis management centers in order to achieve a strategic model (Case study: District 8 of Tehran). Journal of New Attitudes in Human Geography, 9(1), 169-186. (in Persian)
Asghar, S., Alahakoon, D., & Churilov, L. (2006). A comprehensive conceptual model for disaster management. Journal of Humanitarian Assistance, Published at the Department of Peace Studies, University of Bradford, UK, 1-15.
Azadian, Sh., Shirali, Gh. A., & Saki, A. (2014). Designing a Questionnaire to Assess Crisis Management Based on a Resilience Engineering Approach Jundishapur. Journal of Health Sciences, 6(1), 245-256.
Bado, V. B., & Bationo, A. (2018). Chapter One - Integrated Management of Soil Fertility and Land Resources in Sub-Saharan Africa: Involving Local Communities. Advances in Agronomy, 150, 1-33.
Bakx, M. (2012). The role of social media in crisis communication from a democratic perspective. Master Thesis of Public Administration, University of Twente.
Barrett, C. B., & Sahn, D. E. (2001). Food policy in crisis management. Available at SSRN 611067.
Baubion, C. (2013). The role of media in crisis management. Animal Ecology, 45, 791-816.
Bernstein, J. (2011). Manager’s Guide to Crisis Management. McGraw-Hill.
Bruneau, M., Chang, S. E., Eguchi, R. T., & Lee, G. C. (2003). A framework to quantitatively assess and enhance the seismic resilience of communities. Earthquake Spectra, 19(4), 733–752.
Cartier, E. A., & Taylor, L. L. (2020). Living in a wildfire: The relationship between crisis management and community resilience in a tourism-based destination. Tourism Management Perspectives, 34, 1-12.
Chan, J. C. (2014). The role of social media in crisis preparedness, response and recovery. Public Relations Research, 8(4), 279-295.
Chandra, A., Acosta, J., Stern, S., Uscher-Pines, L. & Williams, M. V. (2011). Building community resilience to disasters: a way forward to enhance national health security. Rand Corporation, 1-104.
Coles, J. R. (2011). The Disaster Risk Reduction Educational Program for Primary Schools in the City of Tshwane: a Critical Analysis. Available in: http:/hdI.handle.net/10394/8071.
Coombs, W. T., & Laufer, D. (2018). Global Crisis Management – Current Research and Future Directions. Journal of International Management, 24(3), 1-5.
Coppola, D. P. (2007). Introduction to International Disaster Management, Oxford, UK: Butterworth, Heinemann, Burlington.
Cutter, S. L., Barnes, L., Berry, M., Burton, Ch., Eans, E., Tate, E., Webb, J. (2008). A place-based model for understanding community resilience to natural disasters. Global Environmental Change, 18(4), 598-606.
Cutter, S. L., Burton, Ch. G., & Emrich, Ch. T. (2010). Disaster resilience indicators for benchmarking baseline conditions. Homeland Security and Emergency Management, 7(1), 1-22.
Deghati, A., Yaghoubi, N.M., Kamaliyan, A.R., & Dehghani, M. (2019). Providing Step-by-Step Model of Network Governance Using Meta-Synthesis, Journal of Public Administration, 11(2), 203-230. (in Persian)
EM-DAT (2014). The OFDA/CRED International Disaster Database. Available in: www.em-dat.net-University Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.
Erfani, A. R., & Moradi, H. A. (2016). Investigating the performance of the Crisis Management Coordination Council in the earthquake of East Azerbaijan province in 2012. Journal of Crisis Management, 7(27), 129-162. (in Persian)
Ernstson, H., Van Der Leeuw, S. E., Redman, C. L., Meffert, D. J., Davis, G., Alfsen, C. & Elmqvist, T. (2010). Urban transitions: on urban resilience and human-dominated ecosystems. Ambio, 39, 531-545.
Fagel, M. J. (2014). Crisis Management and Emergency Planning: Preparing for Today’s Challenges. CRC Press Taylor and Francis Group, 502.
Falk, K. (2003). Preparing for disaster: A community-based approach, 2nd rev. Danish Red Cross, Copenhagen.
Falk, K. (2013). Preparing for Disaster: A Community Based Approach, 2nd Rev. Danish Red Cross, Copenhagen.
Firouzpour, A., Darayi, M., & Sadabadi, A.A. (2016). Modeling the relationship between capability and community approach, crisis management focus. Journal of Urban Management Studies, 8(25), 1-9. (in Persian)
Folke, C. (2006). Resilience: the emergence of a perspective for social ecological systems analyses. Global Environmental Change, 16(3), 253–267.
Ghassabi, F., & Zare-Farashbandi, F. (2015). The role of media in crisis management: A case study of Azarbayejan earthquake. International Journal of Health System and Disaster Management, 3(2), 95-102.
Ghorbani, M., Avazpour, L., & Sirmirad, M. (2017). Analysis of social capital of rangeland users in order to manage the community and land-based (study area: Reagan County, Kerman Province). Rangeland Scientific Research Journal, 4(11), 436-445. (in Persian)
Hamidovic, H. (2012). An Introduction to Crisis Management. ISACA Journal, 5, 1-4.
Herzog, R. J. (2007). A model of natural disaster administration: Naming and framing theory and reality. Administrative Theory & Praxis, 29(4), 586-604.
Hong, L., & Xiaohua, Zh. (2011). Study on Location Selection of Multi-Objective Emergency Logistics Center based on AHP. Published by Elsevier Ltd Open access under CC BY-NC-ND License, 1-4.
Huang, K., Jiang, Y., Yuan, Y., & Zhao, L. (2015). Modeling multiple humanitarian objectives in emergency response to large-scale disasters. Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, 75, 1-17.
Jaques, T. (2007). Issue Management and Crisis Management: An integrated, Non-linear, Relational Construct. Public Relations Review, 32(2), 147-157.
Kalantari-Khalil-Abad, H., Mahdaviye, S. M., & Falah-Ali-Abad, S. (2012). Investigating the role of social capital in reducing earthquake risk in the historical context of Yazd (Case study of Fahadan neighborhood). Journal of Iranian Islamic city studies, 9, 5-14.
(in Persian)
Kar, B., & Hodgson, M. E. (2008). A GIS-Based Model to Determine Site Suitability of Emergency Evacuation Shelters. Transactions in GIS, 12(2), 227-248.
Karimi, Kh. (2017). The role of crisis management in the spatial transformation of rural settlements, studied: Urmia City. Ph.D Thesis, Kharazmi University. (in Persian)
Karimi. Kh., & Taghilou, A. A. (2020). Community-centered crisis management towards sustainable development. Journal of Knowledge of crisis prevention and management, 10(1), 59-73. (in Persian)
Karim-Miyan, Z., Mohammadi, M., & Ghazi-nouri, S. S. (2017). Classification of governance features through policy networks using the hybrid method. Journal of Public Administration, 11(3), 376-402. (in Persian)
Keikha, A., Shahraki, Z., Hadadi, E.M., & Nouri Delaveri, M. (2018). The role of public education of the Red Crescent Society in urban crisis management. Journal of Relief and Rescue, 10(38), 1-18. (in Persian)
Kilci F. (2012). A Decision Support System for Shelter Site Selection with GIS Integration: Case Study: Turkey, A Master Thesis for Bilkent University.
Laufer, D. (2015). Emerging issues in crisis management. Business Horizons, 58(2), 135–234.
Lixin, l., & Junxue, Z. (2011). An analysis on disasters management system in China. Natural Hazards, 60(2), 1-15.
Maguire, B. & P. C. Hagen (2007). Disasters and communities: understanding social resilience. The Australian Journal of Emergency Management, 22(2), 16-20.
Mahmoudi SefidKouhi, A., & Rasouli, S.H. (2017). Measurement and assessment of earthquake risk reduction with emphasis on urban resilience. Journal of Modern Research in Geographical Sciences, Architecture and Urban Planning, 1(10), 227-263. (in Persian)
Manyena, S. B (2006). The concept of resilience revisited. Disaster, 30(4), 434-450.
Mehrabi. N. (2014). The practical role of communication and information technology tools in crisis management. Journal of the School of Paramedical Medicine, Army of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 9(1), 48-53. (in Persian)
MG, K. (2018). The Impact of Strategic Planning on Crisis Management Styles in the 5-Star Hotels. Journal of Hotel & Business Management, 7(1), 1-9.
Mohammadi, A.R. (1999). Community Capacity Building: Supports the organization of informal settlements. Haft Shahr Urban Planning and Architecture Magazine, 2(29 & 30), 97-113. (in Persian)
Morales, M., & Lorena, A. (2006). Urban disaster management: A case study of earthquacke risk assessment in cartago, Costarica. ITC &University of Utreecht.
Morrow, B. H. (2008). Community resilience: A social justice perspective. CARRI Research Report Oak Ridge, TN.
Motahari, Z.S., & Rafieiyan, M. (2015). Explaining a model for promoting crisis risk management with a community-based approach, case study: One of Tehran's local communities. Journal of Arman-Shahr Architecture and Urban Planning, 9(17), 389-401. (in Persian)
Mousavi, S.R., Rashedi, H., & Nabi Bidhendi, Gh. (2018). Role of Crisis Management in Reducing Socio-Psychological Vulnerabilities after Natural Disasters (Case Study: Citizens of Bam City). Environmental Energy and Economic Research, 2(3), 187-196.
Mukhopadhyay, B. & Bhattacherjee, B. (2015). Use of Information Technology in Emergency and Disaster Management. American Journal of Environmental Protection, 4(2), 101-104.
Nappi M, & Souza J. (2014). Disaster Management: Hierarchical Structuring Criteria for Selection and Location of Temporary Shelters. Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, 75(3), 1-23.
Nazari, M., & Dastar, H. (2018). The determinants of the pricing of a supermarket: an over-the-top approach. Journal of Research in New Marketing Research, 8(1), 1-20. (in Persian)
Norris, F. H., Stevens, S. P. Pfefferbaum, B., Wych, K. F. & Pfefferbaum, R. L. (2008). Community resilience as a metaphor, theory, set of capacities, and strategy for disaster readiness. American Journal of Community Psychol, 14, 127-150.
Pakbaz-Khosroshahi, A. (2018). Designing a crisis management model in the media. Journal of Media, 29(3), 125-146. (in Persian)
Patterson, O., Weil, F., & Patel, K. (2010). The Role of Community in Disaster Response: Conceptual Models. Popul Res Policy Rev, 29, 127–141.
Pendall, R., Theodos, B. & Franks, K. (2012). Vulnerable people, precarious housing, and regional resilience: an exploratory analysis. Housing Policy Debate, 22, 271-296.
Pietrzak, R. H., Tracy, M., Galea, S., Kilpatrick, D. G., Ruggiero, K. J., Hamblen, J. L., Southwick, S. M. & Norris, F. H. (2012). Resilience in the face of disaster: prevalence and longitudinal course of mental disorders following hurricane Ike. PLoS One, 7, 1-14.
Plough, A., Fielding, J. E., Chandra, A., Williams, M., Eisenman, D., Wells, K. B., Law, G. Y., Fogleman, S. & Magaña, A. (2013). Building community disaster resilience: perspectives from a large urban county department of public health. American journal of public health, 103(7), 1190-1197.
Pour-Ezzat, A.A., Firouzpour, A., & Sadabadi, A.A. (2013). Study and compare the community approach, crisis management focus in selected countries. Journal of Public Organization Management, 1(2), 38-52. (in Persian)
Pour-Mousavi, S.M., Darayi, M., Firouzpour, A., & Sadabadi, A.A. (2013). Future-research approach to developing a super-critical crisis management strategy with an emphasis on community-centered. Journal of Crisis Prevention and Management Knowledge, 9(1), 31-39. (in Persian)
Rabiul Islam, M., Ingham, V., Hicks, J., & Kelly, E. (2018). From coping to adaptation: Flooding and the role of local knowledge in Bangladesh. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 28, 531-538.
Rafieiyan, M., & Motahari, Z.S. (2015). Designing a model for studying the risk management approach of community crisis. Scientific-Research Quarterly Journal of Crisis Management, 1(1), 5-12. (in Persian)
Rahimi, M., & Afsharifard, N. (2018). Deployment of crisis management support bases using AHP and GIS techniques; (Case study: Shahr-e Babak city). Natural Environment Hazards Magazine, 7(16), 65-88. (in Persian)
Rahmani, S., Vahedi, S. H., Abedifard, L., & Ebrahimipour, S. (2018). Optimal location to reduce post-earthquake urban vulnerability (Case study: Bojnourd city). Journal of Applied Research in Geographical Sciences, 18(50), 199-217. (in Persian)
Rezvani, R. A. (2010). Content analysis. Journal of Research, 2(1), 137-156. (in Persian)
Robert, B., Lajitha, Ch. (2003). A New Approach to Crisis Management. Journal of Contingencies and Crisis Management, 10(4), 181-191.
Roshandel-Abtarani, T. (1999). Editing the comprehensive model of crisis management with an approach to order and security. Journal of Disciplinary knowledge, 10(2), 63-80. (in Persian)
Sherrieb, K., Norris, F. H. & Galea, S. (2010). Measuring capacities for community resilience. Social Indicators Research, 99, 227-247.
Shouqiang, W. (2013). Research on Location for Emergency Logistics Center Based on Node Cost. Advances in information Sciences and Service Sciences (AISS), 5(1), 348-349.
Silva Avanzi, D. D., Foggiatto, A., Aline dos Santos, V., Deschamps, F., Freitas Rocha Loures, E. D. (2017). A framework for interoperability assessment in crisis Management. Journal of Industrial Information Integration, 1-23.
Soltani, T., Baghianimoghadam, M.H., Ehrampoush, M.H., Baghian, N., & Jafari, A. (2016). Knowledge, Attitude, and Performance of Nurses' Crisis Management in Natural Disasters in Yazd City. Journal of Community Health Research, 5(3), 195-201.
Springgate, B. F., Wennerstrom, A., Meyers, D., Allen, C. E., Vannoy, S. D., Bentham, W. & Wells, K. B. (2011). Building community resilience through mental health infrastructure and training in post-Katrina New Orleans. Ethnicity & disease, 21(301), 9-20.
Sundelius, B. & Hart, P. T. (2013). Crisis management revisited: A new agenda for research, training and capacity building within Europe. Sundelius, Bengt 43(3), 444-461.
T. Ponis, S., & Ntalla, A. (2016). Crisis management practices and approaches: Insights from major supply chain crises. Procedia Economics and Finance, 39, 668 – 673.
Taslimi, M. S., & Alipour, M. (2019). Community-centered crisis management towards sustainable development. Journal of Public Administration, 11(1), 122-150. (in Persian)
Truptil, S., Bénaben, F.., Couget, P., Lauras, M., Chapural, V., & Pingaud, H. (2008). Interoperability of Information Systems in Crisis Management: Crisis Modeling and Metamodeling. Enterprise Interoperability III, 583-594.
Tuzkaya, U. R., Yilmazer, K., & Tuzkaya, G. (2015). An Integrated Methodology for Emergency Logistics Centers Location Selection Problem and Its Application for the Turkey Case. Journal of Homeland Security and Emergency Management, 2(1), 121-144.
UNISDR (2008). Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery: A Partnership for Accelerated Disaster Recovery in High-Risk Countries. The World Bank, 1-80.
Vale, L. J., & Campanella T. J. (2005). The Resilient City: How Modern Cites Recover from Disaster- Axioms of resilience, Oxford University PreElon.1989.
Wein, A. & Rose, A. (2011). Economic resilience lessons from the ShakeOut earthquake scenario. Earthquake Spectra, 27(2), 559-573.
Wojciechowicz, W., Zych, J., & Hołubowicz, W. (2012). Information and Communication Technology and Crisis Management. Technical Sciences, 15(1), 102-110.