Studying the Mediating Role of Creativity, Innovation and Mental Health in the Effect of Spiritual Intelligence on Individual Performance

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

Abstract

Improving individual performance is one of the most influential requirements of sustainable productivity and Competitiveness of organizations. This research is investigate the influence of spiritual intelligence on the individual performance in accordance with creativity, innovation and mental health as mediators. The research method used is Quantitative, applied and descriptive. The population of interest consist of researchers of a strategic research center among which 150 persons have been selected through Random sampling. A combined and standard questionnaire is used as data collection tool. Structural Equation Modeling with partial least squares method through Warp PLS software has been used data analyzing. According to research findings spiritual intelligence has significant influence on Innovation, creativity and performance. In addition, among studied mediating variable only creativity had significant influence on individual performance. Accordingly, enhancing spiritual intelligence may lead to improving the studied antecedents of individual performance.

Keywords

Main Subjects


Amabile T. M., Conti R. 1999. Changes in the work environment for creativity during downsizing. Academy of Management Journal, 42: 630-640.
Anderson, N.R., de Dreu, C.K. and Nijstad, B.A. (2004). The routinization of innovation research: a constructively critical review of the state-of-the-science. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 25(2), 147-173.
Bahar, Z., Okçay, H., Beşer, A., & Öztürk, M. (2005). The effects of Islam and traditional practices on women’s health and reproduction. Nursing Ethics, 12(6), 557-570.
Baron, R.A. (2008). The role of affect in the entrepreneurial process. Academy of Management Review, 33(2), 328 - 340.
Campbell, J. (1990). Modeling the performance prediction problem in industrial and organizational psychology, in Dunnette, M. and Hough, L. (Eds), Handbook of Organizational and Industrial Psychology, Consulting Psychologists Press, Palo Alto, CA, pp. 687-732.
 Emmons A. R. (2000). Spirituality and Intelligence: Problems and Prospects. The international journal for the psychology of religion, 10(1), 57-64.
Garcia-Zamor, J.C. (2003). Workplace spirituality and organizational performance”, Public Administration Review, 63(3), 355-363.
George, J. & Zhou, J. (2007). Dual tuning in a supportive context: joint contributions of positive mood, negative mood, and supervisory behaviors to employee creativity. Academy of Management Journal, 50(3), 605-622.
Goldberg, D.P., Gater, R., Sartorius, N., Ustun, T.B., Piccinelli, M., Gureje, O. & Rutter, C. (1997). The validity of two versions of the GHQ in the WHO study of mental illness in general health care. Psychological Medicine, 27(1), 191–197.
Gull, G. A. & Doh, J. (2004). The “transmutation” of the organization: Toward a more spiritual workplace. Journal of management inquiry, 13(2), 128-139.
Hart, D.W., & Brady, F.N. (2005). Spirituality and archetype in organizational life. Business Ethics Quarterly, 15 (3(, 409-428.
Hawley, J. (1993). Reawakening the spirit in work: The power of dharmic management. Berrett-Koehler Publishers.
Hirst, G., van Knippenberg, A. & Zhou, J. (2006). A multi-level perspective on employee creativity: Goal orientation, team supports for learning, and individual creativity. Submitted for publication.
Hosseini, M., Elias, H., Krauss, S. E., & Aishah, S. (2010). A review study on spiritual intelligence, adolescence and spiritual intelligence, factors that may contribute to individual differences in spiritual intelligence, and the related theories. International Journal of Psychological Studies, 2(2), 179-188.
Karakas, F. (2010). Exploring value compasses of leaders in organizations: introducing nine spiritual anchors. Journal of Business Ethics, 93(S1), 73-92.
Karakas, F. (2010). Spirituality and performance in organizations: A literature review. Journal of business ethics, 94(1), 89-106.
Khaledian, M., Hasanvand, B., & Nosrati, N. (2013). The Sanandaj city adolescents mental health and Emotional Intelligence (EQ) in the academic year of 2012-13. International Research Journal of Applied and Basic Sciences, 4 (9): 2828-2836.
King, D. B. (2008). Rethinking claims of spiritual intelligence: A definition, model, and measure. Canada: Trent University.
King, M., Weich, S., Nazroo, J. & Blizard, B. (2006). Religion, mental health and ethnicity. EMPIRIC – A national survey of England. Journal of Mental Health, 15(2), 153-162.
Klerk, J.J. (2005). Spirituality, meaning in life, and work wellness: a research agenda. The International Journal of Organizational Analysis, 13(1), 64-88.
Krishnakumar, S. & Neck, C. P. (2002). The ‘What’, ‘Why’ and ‘How’ of Spirituality in the Workplace. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 17(3), 153–164.
Licata, J.W., Mowen, J.C., Harris, E.G. & Brown, T.J. (2003). On the trait antecedents and outcomes of service worker job resourcefulness: a hierarchical model approach. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 31(3), 256-271.
Lindeman, M. & Aarnio, K. (2007). Superstitious, magical, and paranormal beliefs: An integrative model. Journal of Research in Personality, 41(4), 731-744.
Lopez‐Cabrales, A., Pérez‐Luño, A. & Cabrera, R. V. (2009). Knowledge as a mediator between HRM practices and innovative activity. Human Resource Management, 48(4), 485-503.
Marques, J.F. (2006). Removing the blinders: a phenomenological study of US based MBA student’s perception of spirituality in the workplace. Journal of American Academy of Business, 8 (1), 55-61.
McEwan, W. (2004). Spirituality in nursing: What are the issues? Orthopedic Nursing, 23(5), 321-326.
Milliman, J., Czaplewski, A. & Ferguson, J. (2003). Workplace spirituality and employee work attitudes. Journal of Organizational Change, 16(4), 426-447.
Mitroff, I.A. & Denton, E.A. (1999). A Spiritual Audit of Corporate America: A Hard Look Spirituality, Religion, and Values in the Workplace, Jossey-Bass Inc, San Francisco, CA.
Mott, P.E. (1972). The Characteristics of Effective Organizations, Harper & Row, New York, NY.
Osman-Gani, A.M., Hashim, J. & Ismail, Y. (2013). Establishing linkages between religiosity and spirituality on employee performance. Employee Relations, 35(4), 360 – 376.
Rego, A., Pina, E., Cunha, M. & Souto, S. (2007). Workplace Spirituality, Commitment, and Self-Reported Individual Performance: An Empirical Study. Management Research: Journal of the Iberoamerican Academy of Management, 5 (3), 163 183.
Rogers, E.M. (2003). Diffusion of innovations (5thed.). New York: Free Press.
Rotundo, M. & Sackett, P.R. (2002). The relative importance of task, citizenship, and counterproductive performance to global ratings of performance: a policy-capturing approach. Journal of Applied Psychology, 87 (1), 66-80.
Saad, Z.M., Hatta, Z.A., & Mohamad, N. (2010). The impact of spiritual intelligence on the health of the elderly in Malaysia. Asian Social Work and Policy Review, 4(2), 84-97.
Sarmiento, R., Beale, J. & Knowles, G. (2007). Determinants of performance amongst shop-floor employees: a preliminary investigation. Management Research News, 30 (12), 915-927.
Scheid, T.L. (2005). Stigma as a barrier to employment: mental disability and the Americans with Disabilities Act. International Journal of Law and Psychiatry 28(6), 670­-690.
Seybold, K. S. & Hill, P. C. (2001). The role of religion and spirituality in mental and physical health. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 10(1), 21-24.
Shin, S. & Zhou, J. (2007). When is educational specialization heterogeneity related to creativity in research and development teams? Transformational leadership as a moderator. Journal of Applied Psychology, 92(6), 1709–1721.
Shin, S. J., Kim, T. Y., Lee, J. Y. & Bian, L. (2012). Cognitive team diversity and individual team member creativity: A cross-level interaction. Academy of Management Journal, 55(1), 197-212.
Wang, C. W., Chan, C. L. W., Ng, S. M. & Ho, A. H. Y. (2008). The impact of spirituality on health-related quality of life among Chinese older adults with vision impairment. Aging and Mental Health, 12(2), 267-275.
West, M. A. & Farr, J. L. (1990). Innovation and creativity at work: Psychological and organizational strategies. Chichester: John Wiley.
Williams, C. C., Fuenmayor, A. & Dasí, S. (2011). Innovation and creativity in the automobile industry: environmental proposals and initiatives. The Service Industries Journal, 31(12), 1931-1942.
Yao, Y. H., Wang, R. T., & Wang, K. Y. (2009, September). The influence of emotional intelligence on job performance: Moderating effects of leadership. In 2009 International Conference on Management Science and Engineering, IEEE. pp. 1155-1160.
Zare, N. & Zarezadeh, M. )2015(. Investigating the role of spirituality in mental health. The first national conference on new research in the field of Education and Psychology in Iran, Qom,the Soroush Hekmat center of Islamic Research and Studies. (in Persian)
Zhou J, George JM (2001). Awakening employee creativity: The role of leader emotional intelligence. Leaders. Q., 14(3): 545-568.