Pathology of the Implementation of Privatization Policies in Iran

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 M.Sc Student, Department of Public Organizations Management, Faculty of Management, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran

2 Assistant Prof., Department of Public Administration, Faculty of Management, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran

3 Prof., Department of Business Management, Faculty of Management, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran

Abstract

Objective:Privatization is considered as one of the most important components of new public management with its pros and cons. However, privatization has been accepted and implemented as a policy in the whole political and economic system of Iran, but the barriers and dysfunctions of privatization policy implementation has reduced its effectiveness and efficiency in solving the problems of the Iran. In order to address this issue, this paper seeks to identify the barriers of successful implementation of privatization in Iran.
Methods: This research has been carried out using thematic analysis method and the data were collected using semi-structured interviews with specialists, managers and experts in the field of privatization, who were selected through snowball sampling method.
Results: Data analysis resulted in the formation of 218 primary codes, 94 sub-themes and 15 main themes including: inefficient and unproductive transfer mechanisms, structural weaknesses and low private sector incentives and power, inappropriate supply and demand mechanism, weak evaluation mechanism, lack of prospective views, cultural weaknesses, psychological weaknesses, capitalist logic, poor financial support to the private sector, indiscipline of public financial policies, the activity and dominance of quasi-governmental organizations in the economy, non-competitive environment of the national economy, excessive governmental intervention in the economy, the inappropriate formulation and implementation of laws and regulations, lack of alignment in the decisions and actions of responsible Institutions.
Conclusion: Despite many efforts, the incomplete, non-scientific and politically-driven implementation of privatization in Iran has led to the decline of its benefits and intensification of its disadvantages to the country.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

References
Abedi Jafari, H., Taslimi, M., Faghihi, A., Sheikhzade, M. (2011). Thematic Analysis and Thematic Networks: A Simple and Efficient Method for Exploring Patterns Embedded in Qualitative Data. Strategic management thought journal, 5(2), 151-198. (in Persian)
Ahmadvand, M. (2013). A Review of the Performance of Privatization in Iran. Journal of Financial and Economic Policies, 1(2), 143-182. (in Persian)
Alvani, M. & Sharifzadeh, F. (2011). Public Policy-Making Process. Tehran: Allameh Tabatabai University Press. (in Persian)
Alvani, M. (2016). Decisionmaking and Public Policymaking. Samt Press, Tehran. (in Persian)
Alvani, S. M., Pourezzat, A. A. & Nejabat, E. (2015). Investigating the causes of Iran’s policy making system performance inefficiency concerning poverty eradication (A case study about the poverty eradication bill in the Islamic Republic of Iran). Journal of Public Administration, 7(1), 1-18. (in Persian)
Baltar, F. & Brunet, I. (2012). Social research 2.0: virtual snowball sampling method using Facebook. Internet Research, 22 (1), 57-74.
Berman, P. (2009). The Study of Macro-and Micro- Implementation. Public Policy, 26(2), 157-184.
Boyne, G. A. (2006). Strategies for Public Service Turnaround: Lessons from the Private Sector? Administration & Society, 38(3), 365-388.
Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative research in psychology journal, 3(2), 77-101.
Calista, D. (1994). Policy Implementation. New York: Marcel Dekker Inc.
Cobb, R. W. & Ross, M. H. (eds). (1997). Cultural Strategies of Agenda Denial: Avoidance, Attack, and Redefinition (Studies in Government and Public Policy). Kansas: University Press of Kansas.
Danaeefard, H., Saghafi, E. & Moshabbaki, A. (2010). Policy Implementation: the role of rationality in policy formation phase. Journal of Management research in Iran, 14(4), 79- 106. (in Persian)
Demsetz, H., & Villalonga B. (2001). Ownership structure and corporate performance. Journal of Corporate Finance, 7(3), 209-233.
Dye, R.T. (2005). Understanding public policy. New Jersey: Pearson Prentice Hall.
Flick, U. (2009). An introduction to qualitative research. 4th Eds. Londan: sage.
Galligan, D.J. (2011). Discretionary Powers: A Legal Study of Official Discretion. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
Gholipour, R., Beigi, V., Saadabadi, A. (2016). Analysis of the policy of “executive solutions to expand the culture of Ifaf and Hijab”: implementation pathology by use of Delphi fuzzy method. Journal of Public Administration, 9(1), 107-136. (in Persian)
Hadi Peykani, M. (2015). The public policy process primer. Isfahan: Islamic Azad University of Isfahan (Khorasgan) Research Deputy. (in Persian)
Hamilton, L. (2000). A review of policy implementation and international treaty implementation literature. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Hay, C. (2004). Taking ideas seriously’ in explanatory political analysis. British Journal of Politics and International Relations, 6(2), 142–149.
Heydari, G. R. (1998). Designing the Privatization Model in Iran- Case: Iran Power Industry. Doctoral Dissertation. Tehran: Tarbiat Modares University. (in Persian)
Hill, M., Hupe, P. (2012). Implementing public policy. Sage Publication: London.
Hosseini Golafshani, A. (2004). Pathology and Design of the Privatization Model in Iran. Master's Degree Thesis. Tehran: Islamic Azad University. (in Persian)
Howlett, M. & Ramesh, M. & Perl, A. (2015). Studying Public Policy: Policy Cycles and Policy Subsystems. Translated by: A. Monavarian. & E. Golshan Tehran: Mehraban Nashr. (in Persian)
Howlett, M., & Ramesh, M., Perl, A. (1995). Studing punlic policies. Translated by A. Monavvarian and E Golshan. Tehran: State management Training center. (in Persian)
Jenkins, W.I. (1978) Policy analysis: Apolitical and organizational perspective. London: Martin Robertson.
Kazemzadeh, M. (2009). Cultural Pathology of the Implementation of the Article 44 of the Constitution (Privatization Policies). Journal of Work and Society, 18(108), 111-127.
(in Persian)
Khalid Hafiz, M. (2001). Policy implementation models: the case of library and documentation services in Pakistan. New library world, 102(1162), 87-92.
KonSULT Knowledgebase (2009). Barriers to Implementation. Retrieved from: http://www. konsult.leeds.ac.uk/public/level1/sec10/index.htm.
Lester, J. P. & Goggin, M. L. (2008). Back to the future: The rediscovery of implementation-studies. Policy Currents, 8 (3), 1–9.
Lester, J. P., & Stewart, J. (2011). Public Policy: An Evolutionary Approach. Minnesota: West Publishing Company.
Makinde, T. (2005). Problems of Policy Implementation in Developing Nations: The Nigerian Experience. Journal of Social Sciences, 11(1), 63-69.
Mclaughlin M. (1976) Implementation as mutual adaptation: Change in classroom organization. In: W. Williams, R. F. Elmore. (Eds.), Social Program Implementation, San Diego: Academic Press.
Mehrabanfar, E. (2016). Pathology of the Government’s Policies of Privatization, using Grounded Theory. Jornal of Parliament and Strategy, 23(86), 329-350. (in Persian)
Moghadaspoor, S., Danaeefard, H. & Kordnaeij, A. (2013). Exploring key factors of some public policies failure in the Islamic Republic of Iran: A case study of (national) tax policies. Journal of Organizational culture management, 11(1), 33- 68. (in Persian)
Monavarian, A. & Mohammadi, D. & Mohammadifateh, A. (2016). Good Policy Making in Government, Modeling the Role of Organizational Capacity and National Context. Journal of Public Administration, 8(2), 233-254. (in Persian)
Palumbo, D. J., & Calista, D. J. (1990). Implementation and the Policy Process: Opening Up the Black Box. New York: Greenwood Press.
Parker, D. (2012). The Official History of Privatization. Vol. II: Popular Capitalism, 1987-97. New York: Routledge.
Paudel, N. R. (2009). A critical account of policy implementation theories: status and reconsideration. Nepalese Journal of Public Policy and Governance, 25(2), 36-54.
Pressman J., Wildavsky A. (1973) Implementation. Berkley: University of California Press.
Rowe, M. (2012). Going back to the Street: Revisiting Lipsky’s Street-Level Bureaucracy. Teaching Public Administration, 30(1), 10-18.
Salar, Z. & Alian Nejadi, M. (2011). Pathology of Privatization in Iran. National Conference of Privatization. Semnan: Islamic Azad University-Semnan Branch. Retrieved from: https://www.civilica.com/Paper-PRIVATIZATION01-PRIVATIZATION01_083.html. (in Persian)
Starr, P. (1998). The Meaning of Privatization, Yale Law and Policy Review, 6(1), 6-41.
Tummers, L. (2011). Explaining the willingness of public professionals to implement new policies: A policy alienation framework. International Review of Administrative Sciences, 77(3), 555-581.
Winter, S. (2003). New directions for implementation research. Policy Currents, 8 (4), 1–5.
References
Abedi Jafari, H., Taslimi, M., Faghihi, A., Sheikhzade, M. (2011). Thematic Analysis and Thematic Networks: A Simple and Efficient Method for Exploring Patterns Embedded in Qualitative Data. Strategic management thought journal, 5(2), 151-198. (in Persian)
Ahmadvand, M. (2013). A Review of the Performance of Privatization in Iran. Journal of Financial and Economic Policies, 1(2), 143-182. (in Persian)
Alvani, M. & Sharifzadeh, F. (2011). Public Policy-Making Process. Tehran: Allameh Tabatabai University Press. (in Persian)
Alvani, M. (2016). Decisionmaking and Public Policymaking. Samt Press, Tehran. (in Persian)
Alvani, S. M., Pourezzat, A. A. & Nejabat, E. (2015). Investigating the causes ofIran’s policy making system performance inefficiency concerning povertyeradication (A case study about the poverty eradication bill in the Islamic Republic of Iran). Journal of Public Administration, 7(1), 1-18. (in Persian)
Baltar, F. & Brunet, I. (2012). Social research 2.0: virtual snowball samplingmethod using Facebook. Internet Research, 22 (1), 57-74.
Berman, P. (2009). The Study of Macro-and Micro- Implementation. Public Policy, 26(2), 157-184.
Boyne, G. A. (2006). Strategies for Public Service Turnaround: Lessons from the Private Sector? Administration & Society, 38(3), 365-388.
Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative research in psychology journal, 3(2), 77-101.
Calista, D. (1994). Policy Implementation. New York: Marcel Dekker Inc.
Cobb, R. W. & Ross, M. H. (eds). (1997). Cultural Strategies of Agenda Denial: Avoidance, Attack, and Redefinition (Studies in Government and Public Policy). Kansas: University Press of Kansas.
Danaeefard, H., Saghafi, E. & Moshabbaki, A. (2010). Policy Implementation: the role of rationality in policy formation phase. Journal of Management research in Iran, 14(4), 79- 106. (in Persian)
Demsetz, H., & Villalonga B. (2001). Ownership structure and corporate performance. Journal of Corporate Finance, 7(3), 209-233.
Dye, R.T. (2005). Understanding public policy. New Jersey: Pearson Prentice Hall.
Flick, U. (2009). An introduction to qualitative research. 4th Eds. Londan: sage.
Galligan, D.J. (2011). Discretionary Powers: A Legal Study of Official Discretion. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
Gholipour, R., Beigi, V., Saadabadi, A. (2016). Analysis of the policy of “executive solutions to expand the culture of Ifaf and Hijab”: implementation pathology by use of Delphi fuzzy method. Journal of Public Administration, 9(1), 107-136. (in Persian)
Hadi Peykani, M. (2015). The public policy process primer. Isfahan: Islamic Azad University of Isfahan (Khorasgan) Research Deputy. (in Persian)
Hamilton, L. (2000). A review of policy implementation and international treaty implementation literature. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Hay, C. (2004). Taking ideas seriously’ in explanatory political analysis. British Journal of Politics and International Relations, 6(2), 142–149.
Heydari, G. R. (1998). Designing the Privatization Model in Iran- Case: Iran Power Industry. Doctoral Dissertation. Tehran: Tarbiat Modares University.(in Persian)
Hill, M., Hupe, P. (2012). Implementing public policy. Sage Publication: London.
Hosseini Golafshani, A. (2004). Pathology and Design of the Privatization Model in Iran. Master's Degree Thesis. Tehran: Islamic Azad University. (in Persian)
Howlett, M. & Ramesh, M. & Perl, A. (2015). Studying Public Policy: Policy Cycles and Policy Subsystems. Translated by: A. Monavarian. & E. Golshan Tehran: Mehraban Nashr. (in Persian)
Howlett, M., & Ramesh, M., Perl, A. (1995). Studing punlic policies. Translated by A. Monavvarian and E Golshan. Tehran: State management Training center. (in Persian)
Jenkins, W.I. (1978) Policy analysis: Apolitical and organizational perspective. London: Martin Robertson.
Kazemzadeh, M. (2009). Cultural Pathology of the Implementation of the Article 44 of the Constitution (Privatization Policies). Journal of Work and Society, 18(108), 111-127.
(in Persian)
Khalid Hafiz, M. (2001). Policy implementation models: the case of library and documentation services in Pakistan. New library world, 102(1162), 87-92.
KonSULT Knowledgebase (2009). Barriers to Implementation. Retrieved from: http://www. konsult.leeds.ac.uk/public/level1/sec10/index.htm.
Lester, J. P. & Goggin, M. L. (2008). Back to the future: The rediscovery of implementation-studies. Policy Currents, 8 (3), 1–9.
Lester, J. P., & Stewart, J. (2011). Public Policy: An Evolutionary Approach. Minnesota: West Publishing Company.
Makinde, T. (2005). Problems of Policy Implementation in Developing Nations: The Nigerian Experience. Journal of Social Sciences, 11(1), 63-69.
Mclaughlin M. (1976) Implementation as mutual adaptation: Change in classroom organization. In: W. Williams, R. F. Elmore. (Eds.), Social Program Implementation, San Diego: Academic Press.
Mehrabanfar, E. (2016). Pathology of the Government’s Policies of Privatization, using Grounded Theory. Jornal of Parliament and Strategy, 23(86), 329-350. (in Persian)
Moghadaspoor, S., Danaeefard, H. & Kordnaeij, A. (2013). Exploring key factors of some public policies failure in the Islamic Republic of Iran: A case study of (national) tax policies. Journal of Organizational culture management, 11(1), 33- 68. (in Persian)
Monavarian, A. & Mohammadi, D. & Mohammadifateh, A. (2016). Good Policy Making in Government, Modeling the Role of Organizational Capacity and National Context. Journal of Public Administration, 8(2), 233-254. (in Persian)
Palumbo, D. J., & Calista, D. J. (1990). Implementation and the Policy Process: Opening Up the Black Box. New York: Greenwood Press.
Parker, D. (2012). The Official History of Privatization. Vol. II: Popular Capitalism, 1987-97. New York: Routledge.
Paudel, N. R. (2009). A critical account of policy implementation theories: status and reconsideration. Nepalese Journal of Public Policy and Governance, 25(2), 36-54.
Pressman J., Wildavsky A. (1973) Implementation. Berkley: University of California Press.
Rowe, M. (2012). Going back to the Street: Revisiting Lipsky’s Street-Level Bureaucracy. Teaching Public Administration, 30(1), 10-18.
Salar, Z. & Alian Nejadi, M. (2011). Pathology of Privatization in Iran. National Conference of Privatization. Semnan: Islamic Azad University-Semnan Branch. Retrieved from: https://www.civilica.com/Paper-PRIVATIZATION01-PRIVATIZATION01_083.html. (in Persian)
Starr, P. (1998). The Meaning of Privatization, Yale Law and Policy Review, 6(1), 6-41.
Tummers, L. (2011). Explaining the willingness of public professionals to implement new policies: A policy alienation framework. International Review of Administrative Sciences, 77(3), 555-581.
Winter, S. (2003). New directions for implementation research. Policy Currents, 8 (4), 1–5.
 
Journal of Public Administration
Volume 10, Issue 3
2018
Pages 333-356

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