منابع
ایمانی، حسن؛ قلیپور، آرین؛ آذر، عادل؛ پورعزت، علی اصغر (1398). شناسایی مؤلفههای سیستم تأمین منابع انسانی در راستای ارتقای سلامت نظام اداری. مدیریت دولتی، 11(2)، 251- 284.
توسلی، غلامعباس (1388). نظریههای جامعهشناسی. تهران. انتشارات سمت.
جهانگیر، کیامرث؛ حسینی، سیده صدیقه (1391). دولتسازی در افغانستان و رهیافت واقعگرایی ساختارگرا. فصلنامه سیاست، 44(3)، 547-564.
دهشیار، حسین (1391). پارادوکس آمریکا در افغانستان: هویت چندگانه و حاکمیت تقسیمپذیر. فصلنامه روابط خارجی، 4(3)، 59- 86.
رهنورد، فرجالله؛ علیپور، حسین؛ دهدار، فرزین؛ خلیلی، حیدر (1398). چارچوب رابطه حکومت و مردم در ایران: رویکرد نهادی. مدیریت دولتی، 11(1)، 27- 46.
سردارنیا، خلیلالله؛ حسینی، سیدمهدی (1393). چالشهای اجتماعی دولتسازی مدرن در افغانستان. فصلنامه سیاست جهانی، 3(3)، 37- 63.
شفیعی، نوذر؛ اقبال، اقدس (1388). معمای دموکراسی در افغانستان. فصلنامه تحقیقات سیاسی و بینالمللی، 1(3)، 197- 222.
محبوبخواه، فرهاد؛ بیگزاده، یوسف (1397). بررسی تأثیر منابع قدرت مدیران بر تعهد عاطفی کارکنان با نقش میانجی ویژگیهای شخصیتی کارآفرینی. مدیریت دولتی، 10(1)، 161- 185.
محمدی، حامد؛ الوانی، سیدمهدی؛ معمارزاده طهران، غلامرضا؛ حمیدی، ناصر (1395). طراحی و تبیین الگوی اثربخش نظام اداری ایران. مدیریت دولتی، 8(4)، 591- 616.
مقصودی، مجتبی؛ غلهدار، ساحره (1390). مشارکت زنان افغانستان در ساختار جدید قدرت پس از حادثه 11 سپتامبر. فصلنامه مطالعات روابط بینالملل، 4(17)، 179- 210.
منوچهری، عباس؛ مزاری، صفورا (1387). سنجش نظری قانون اساسی جدید افغانستان با دموکراسی. فصلنامه سیاست، 39(4)، 307- 322.
هادیان، حمید (1388). ضعف ساختاری دولت ـ ملتسازی در افغانستان: جغرافیا و قومیت. راهبرد، 18(51)، 152-133.
References
Afzalur Rahim, M. (2002). Toward a theory of managing organizational conflict. International Journal of Conflict Management, 13(3), 206-235.
Al Wekhian, J. (2015). Conflict Management Styles in the Workplace: A Study of First Generation Arab Muslim Immigrants in the United States. International Journal of Business and Management, 10(11), 24-42.
Ashforth, B.E., & Mael, F. (1989). Social identity theory and the organization. Academy of Management Review, 14(1), 20-39.
Barki, H., & Hartwick, J. (2004). Conceptualizing the construct of interpersonal conflict. International Journal of Conflict Management, 15(3), 216-244.
Beigzadeh, Y., & Mahbobkah, F. (2018).Investigating the effect of managers’ power resources on emotional commitment of employees considering the mediating role of personality characteristics on enrepreneurship. Journal of Public Administration, 10(1), 161-185.
(in Persian)
Bergami, M., & Bagozzi, R.P. (2000). Self-categorization, affective commitment and group self-esteem as distinct aspectes of social identity in the organization. British Journal of Social Psychology, 4(4), 555-577.
Brewer, J. (1992). Sectarianism and racism, and their parallels and differences. Ethnic and Racial Studies, 15(3), 352-364.
Broad, G.M., Gonzalez, C., & Ball-Rokeach, S.J. (2014). Intergroup relations in South Los Angeles- Combining communication infrastructure and contact hypothesis approaches. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 38, 47-59.
Butcher, D., & Clarke, M. (2002). Organizational polotics: The cornerstone for organizational democracy, Organizational Dynamics, 31(1), 35-46.
Cao, B., & Lin, W.Y. (2017). Revisiting the contact hypothesis: Effects of different modes of computer-mediated communication on intergroup relationships. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 58, 23-30.
Colaizzi, P.F. (1978). Psychological research as a phenomenologist views it. In R.S., Valle & M., King (Eds.), Existential-phenomenological alternatives for psychology, New York: Oxford University Press, 48-71.
Cook, S.W. (1985). Experimenting on social issues: The case of school desegregation. American Psychologist, 40(4), 452-460.
Creswell, J.W. (2007(. Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches. London: Sage.
Daheshiar, H. (2012). Paradox of America in Afghanistan: Multipple identity and devidable sovereignty. Foreign Relations, 4(3), 59-86. (in Persian)
Dawes, C.T., & Fowler, J.H. (2009). Partisanship, voting, and the dopamine D2 receptor gene, The Journal of Politics, 71(3), 1157–1171.
De Dreu, C.K., Van Dierendonck, D., & Dijkstra, M.T. (2004). Conflict at work and individual well-being. International Journal of Conflict Management, 15(1), 6-26.
Dickson, D., & Hargie, O. (2006). Sectarianism in the Northern Ireland workplace. International Journal of Conflict Management, 17(1), 45-65.
Dickson, D., Hargie, O., & Nelson, S. (2004). Cross-community communication and relationships in the workplace: A case study of a large Northern Ireland organization. In O. Hargie, & D. Dickson (Eds.), Researching the Troubles: Social Science Perspectives on the Northern Ireland Conflict, Edinburgh: Mainstream Publishing, 183-207.
Dixon, J.A., & Durrheim, K. (2003). Contact and the ecology of racial division: Some varieties of informal segregation. British Journal of Social Psychology, 42, 1-23.
Dovidio, J.F., Gaertner, S.L., Kawakami, K., & Hodson, G. (2002). Why can’t we just get along? Interpersonal biases and interracial distrust. Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology, 8(2), 88-102.
Edwards, L.M. (2010). State-building in Afghanistan: A case showing the limits? International Review of the Red Cross, 92(880), 967-991.
Ellison, C.G., Shin, H., & Leal, D.L. (2011). The contact hypothesis and attitudes toward Latinos in the United States. Social Science Quarterly, 92(4), 938-958.
Finlay, A. (1993). Sectarianism in the Workplace: the case of the Derry shirt industry 1868–1968. Irish Journal of Sociology, 3(1), 79-94.
Frølund Thomsen, J.P. (2012). How does intergroup contact generate ethnic tolerance? The contact hypothesis in a Scandinavian context. Scandinavian Political Studies, 35(2), 159-178.
Gaertner, S.L., Rust, M.C., Dovidio, J.F., Bachman, B.A., Anastasio, P.A. (1996). The contact hypothesis: The role of a common ingroup identity on reducing intergroup bias among majority and minority group members. In J.L. Nye, & A.M. Brower (Eds.), What's social about social cognition? Research on socially shared cognition in small groups, Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, Inc, 230-260.
Geckil, T., Tikici, M. (2016). Hospital employees’ organizational democracy perceptions and its effects on organizational citizenship behaviors. Asian Pacific Journal of Health Science, 3(2), 123-136.
Graham, P., Walsh, D., & McCartney, G. (2012). Shipyards and sectarianism: How do mortality and deprivation compare in Glasgow and Belfast?, Public Health, 126(5), 378-385.
Guo, T.C., & Li, X. (2016). Positive relationship between individuality and social identity in virtual communities: Self-categorization and social identification as distinct forms of social identity. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 19(11), 680-685.
Harrison, J.S., & Freeman, R.E. (2004). Democracy in and around organizations: Is organizational democracy worth the effort?. The Academy of Management Executive, 18(3), 49-53.
Haslam, S. A., Eggins, R. A., & Reynolds, K. J. (2003). The ASPIRe model: Actualizing social and personal identity resources to enhance organizational outcomes. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 76(1), 83-113.
Hewstone, M. (2003). Panacea for prejudice. Psychologist, 16(7), 352-355.
Hewstone, M., Rubin, M., & Willis, H. (2002). Intergroup bias. Annual Review of Psychology, 53, 575-604.
Hogg, M.A., & Reid, S.A. (2006). Social identity, self‐categorization, and the communication of group norms. Communication Theory, 16(1), 7-30.
Hogg, M.A., & Terry, D.I. (2000). Social identity and self-categorization processes in organizational contexts. Academy of Management Review, 25(1), 121-140.
Hornsey, M.J. (2008). Social identity theory and self-categorization theory: A historical review. Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 2(1), 204-222.
Howard, J. (2000). Social psychology of identities. Annual Review of Sociology, 26, 367-393.
Imani, H., Gholipour, A., Azar, A., & Pourezzat, A.A. (2019).Identifying components of staffing system to develop administrative integrity. Journal of Public Administration, 11(2), 251-284. (in Persian)
Jahangir, K., & Hosseini, S. (2014). Government establishment at Afghanistan in framework of structuralist realism. Politic Quarterly, 44(3), 547-564. (in Persian)
Kanas, A., Scheepers, P., & Sterkens, C. (2017). Positive and negative contact and attitudes towards the religious out-group: Testing the contact hypothesis in conflict and non-conflict regions of Indonesia and the Philippines. Social Science Research, 63, 95-110.
Korostelina, K. (2014). Intergroup identity insults: A social identity theory perspective. Identity, 14(3), 214-229.
Landells, E., & Albrecht, S. L. (2013). Organizational political climate: Shared perceptions about the building and use of power bases. Human Resource Management Review, 23(4), 357–365.
Leonardelli, G.J., & Toh, S.M. (2015). Social categorization in intergroup contexts: Three kinds of self‐categorization. Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 9(2), 69-87.
Liechty, J., & Clegg, C. (2001). Moving beyond sectarianism: Religion, conflict, and reconciliation in Northern Ireland. Dublin: The Columba Press.
Macrae, C. N., & Bodenhausen, G. V. (2000). Social cognition: Thinking categorically about others. Annual Review of Psychology, 51, 93-120.
Manoochehri, A., & Mazari, S. (2010). Afghanistan’s new constitution and democracy: A theoretical evaluation. Politic Quarterly, 39(4), 307-322. (in Persian)
McKeown, S., & Dixon, J. (2017). The “contact hypothesis”: Critical reflections and future directions. Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 11(1), 1-13.
McVeigh, R. (1995). Cherishing the children of the nation unequally: sectarianism in Ireland. In P. Clancy, S. Drudy, K. Lynch, and L. O’Dowd (Eds.), Irish Society: Sociological Perspectives, Dublin: Institute of Public Administration, 620-52.
Mohammdi, H., Alvani, S.M., Memarzadehtehran, G., & Hamidi, N. (2016).Designing and developing Iran administrative system effectiveness model. Journal of Public Administration, 8(4), 591-616. (in Persian)
Mozes, M., Josman, Z., & Yaniv, E. (2011). Corporate social responsibility organizational identification and motivation. Social Responsibility Journal, 7(2), 310-325.
Nielsen, I., & Smyth, R. (2011). The contact hypothesis in urban china: the perspective of minority-status migrant workers. Journal of Urban Affairs, 33(4), 469-481.
Onorato, R.S., & Turner, J.C. (2004). Fluidity in the self‐concept: the shift from personal to social identity. European Journal of Social Psychology, 34(3), 257-278.
Paolini, S., Hewstone, M., Cairns, E., & Voci, A. (2004). Effects of direct and indirect cross-group friendships on judgments of Catholics and Protestants in Northern Ireland: The mediating role of an anxiety-reduction mechanism. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 30(6), 770-786.
Pausch, M. (2014). Workplace democracy: From a democratic ideal to a managerial tool and back. The Innovation Journal, 19(1), 1-14.
Pearson, A.W., Ensley, M.D., & Amason, A.C. (2002). An assessment and refinement of Jehn's intragroup conflict scale. International Journal of Conflict Management, 13(2), 110-126.
Pettigrew, T.F., & Tropp, L.R. (2006). A meta-analytic test of intergroup contact theory. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 90(5), 751-783.
Rahnavard, F., Alipour, H., Dehdar, F., & Khalili, H. (2019).The framework of government-citizen relationship in Iran: An institutional approach. Journal of Public Administration, 11(1), 27-46. (in Persian)
Roberson, L., Deich, E.A., Brief, A.P., & Block, C.J. (2003). Stereotype threat and feedback seeking in the workplace. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 62(1), 176-188.
Russell, R.D. (1957). The consequences of sectarianism for social participation. Social Forces, 35(4), 331-334.
Sardarnia, K., & Hosseini, M. (2014). Social challenges of modern government establishment in Afghanistan. World Politics, 3(3), 37-63. (in Persian)
Sherman, J.W., Klein, S.B., Laskey, A., & Wyer, N.A. (1998). Intergroup bias in group judgment processes: The role of behavioral memories. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 34(1), 51-65.
Simon, B., & Hastedt, C. (1999). Self-aspects as social categories: The role of personal importance and valence. European Journal of Social Psychology, 29(4), 479-487.
Sinclair, L., & Kunda, Z. (2000). Motivated stereotyping of women: She’s fine if she praised me but incompetent if she criticized me. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 26(11), 1329-1342.
Stangor, C., Lynch, L., Duan, C., & Glass, B. (1992). Categorization of individuals on the basis of multiple social features. Journal of Personality ans Social Psychology, 62(2), 207-218.
Tavassoli, G. (2009). The theories of sociology. Tehran: Samt. (in Persian)
Teng, C. I. (2017). Impact of avatar identification on online gamer loyalty: Perspectives of social identity and social capital theories. International Journal of Information Management, 37(6), 601-610.
Voci, A., & Hewstone, M. (2003). Intergroup contact and prejudice toward immigrants in Italy: The mediational role of anxiety and the moderational role of group salience. Group Processes & Intergroup Relations, 6(1), 37-54.
Ward, C., & Masgoret, A.M. (2006). An integrative model of attitudes toward immigrants. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 30(6), 671-682.
Wyer, N.A. (2010). Selective self-categorization: Meaningful categorization and the in-group persuasion effect. The Journal of Social Psychology, 150(5), 452-470.
Yazdani, N. (2010). Organizational democracy and organization structure link: Role of strategic leadership & environmental uncertainty. IBA Business Review, 5(2), 51-74
Zhao, H., Kessel, M., & Kratzer, J. (2014). Supervisor–subordinate relationship, differentiation, and employee creativity: A self‐categorization perspective. The Journal of Creative Behavior, 48(3), 165-184.