ارائه مدلی از پیشایندها و پسایندهای توسعه منابع انسانی ملی با رویکرد فرامطالعه

نوع مقاله : مقاله علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشیار، گروه مدیریت دولتی، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران.

2 استاد، گروه مدیریت دولتی، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران.

3 دانشیار، گروه مدیریت دولتی، دانشکده مدیریت و حسابداری، پردیس فارابی دانشگاه تهران، قم، ایران.

4 دانشجوی دکتری، گروه مدیریت دولتی، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران.

چکیده

هدف: یکی از رویکردها به مفهوم توسعه منابع انسانی، توسعه منابع انسانی ملی است. توسعه منابع انسانی ملی، به‌معنای بهبود دانش و مهارت‏های لازم برای رشد اقتصادی، اجتماعی و سیاسی و فراهم‌ساختن زمینه‏ه‌ای مشارکت برای ایجاد جامعه‌ای بهتر برای مردم است. پژوهش‏‌های انجام‌شده در حوزه توسعه منابع انسانی ملی، به عوامل مؤثر، ظرفیت‌ها و محدودیت‌ها، خط‏‌مشی‌ها و اقدام‌ها، مبحث‌ها و مسئله‌ها و نتیجه‌ها و پیامدهای توسعه منابع انسانی ملی پرداخته‌اند. پژوهش حاضر درصدد آن است که مدل یکپارچه و منسجمی از این پیشایندها و پسایندها ارائه دهد.
روش: این پژوهش با رویکرد کیفی و بر اساس اصول فرامطالعه اجرا شده است. فرامطالعه رویکردی است نظام‌مند که با استفاده از تفسیر، به‌جای تقلیل داده‌ها، برای جمع‌آوری و تجزیه‌وتحلیل یافته‌های پژوهش‌های کیفی به‌کار می‏رود. مرور و انتخاب پژوهش‌های اولیه برای این فرامطالعه، بر اساس روش مرور ادبیات ساختاری بوده است. در این پژوهش چهار مرحله فرامطالعه انجام شده که عبارت‌ است از: تحلیل فراروش، تحلیل فرانظریه، تحلیل فراداده و تحلیل فراترکیبی. پس از استخراج داده‌ها، روی آن‌ها تحلیل فراروش انجام شده است. به‌منظور بررسی و ارزیابی طرح پژوهش و روش‌های مورداستفاده در مطالعات میدانی پژوهش، برای تجزیه‌وتحلیل تأثیر این انتخاب‌ها، تجزیه‌وتحلیل فراروش روی یافته‌ها و نتایج یک مطالعه خاص انجام شده است. از رویکرد تلفیقی به‌منظور ایجاد نظریه جدید برای توسعه منابع انسانی ملی استفاده‌ شده است. تجزیه‌وتحلیل فراداده با تحلیل مضمون شش‌مرحله‌ای کلارک و برون انجام شده و در فراترکیب، تفاسیر حاصل از تجزیه‌وتحلیل فراروش، فراداده و فرانظریه به‌هم پیوند داده ‌شده است.
یافته‌ها: عوامل مؤثر بر توسعه منابع انسانی ملی در دو دسته عوامل فراملی و عوامل ملی دسته‌بندی ‌شدند. عوامل فراملی در دو دسته نهادی و اقتصادی و عوامل ملی در دسته‌های فرهنگی ـ اجتماعی، سیاسی، اقتصادی، مدیریتی و قانونی قرار گرفتند. سه دسته ظرفیت مالی و صنعتی و آموزشی، شناسایی ‌شد. مهاجرت نخبگان، تطابق عرضه و تقاضای نیروی کار، سلامت مادر و کودک، رشد شناختی کودک، مهارت‌های زندگی، استانداردسازی آموزش، دسترسی همگانی به آموزش، به‌روز بودن آموزش فنی و حرفه‌ای، هم‌راستایی با تحولات صنعتی، استاندارد ملی مشاغل، راهنمای مسیر شغلی، قابلیت اشتغال، یادگیری مادام‌العمر، یادگیری فناوری‌های جدید، بهداشت، سلامت و نگهداری بازنشستگان، به‌عنوان موضوعاتی شناخته شدند که در توسعه منابع انسانی ملی دخالت دارند. در نهایت، نتایج توسعه منابع انسانی ملی به سه دسته خروجی‌ها، پیامدها و اثرها تقسیم‌بندی شد.
نتیجه‌گیری: خروجی این پژوهش، ارائه مدلی در حوزه توسعه منابع انسانی ملی است. مطابق این مدل، عوامل فراملی و ملی بر ظرفیت‌‏های توسعه منابع انسانی ملی کشورها تأثیر می‏گذارند. برای توسعه منابع انسانی ملی، سه ظرفیت مالی و صنعتی و آموزشی لازم است و مداخلات انجام‌شده در توسعه منابع انسانی ملی، به این ظرفیت‏‌ها وابسته است. در سطح ملی توسعه منابع انسانی، مداخلاتی مانند خطرپذیری، قانون‏گذاری، برنامه‌‏ریزی و اقدام در دوره‌‏های مختلف زندگی شهروندان صورت می‌‏گیرد. مدیریت جمعیت، پیش‌‏نیاز پرداختن به سایر دوره‏‌های قابل مداخله است. با توجه به دوره زندگی، برای هر مرحله موضوعات قابل مداخله شناسایی‌ شده است. نتایج توسعه منابع انسانی ملی در سه دسته خروجی‏‌ها، پیامدها و اثرها دسته‌بندی ‌شده است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

The Model of Antecedents and Consequences of National Human Resources Development; A Meta-Study Approach

نویسندگان [English]

  • Akram Hadizadeh Moghdam 1
  • Ali Rezaeian 2
  • Hamidreza Yazdani 3
  • Davood Afrooz 4
1 Associate Prof., Department of Public Administration, Faculty of Management and Economics, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.
2 Prof., Department of Public Administration, Faculty of Management and Economics, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.
3 Associate Prof., Department of Public Administration, Faculty of Management and Accounting, Farabi Campus, University of Tehran, Qom, Iran.
4 Ph.D. Candidate, Department of Public Administration, Faculty of Management, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Objective
National human resource development is a vital approach within the broader concept of human resources development. It aims to enhance the knowledge and skills necessary for economic, social, and political growth, providing opportunities to create a better society for its citizens. Research in this field has often approached this concept in a fragmented manner. The present study seeks to construct an integrated and coherent model in this domain.
Methods
A qualitative approach based on meta-study principles was employed. Meta-study is a systematic method for collecting and analyzing qualitative research findings, emphasizing interpretation over data reduction. The review and selection of primary research for this meta-study were conducted using the structural literature review method. The meta-study encompassed four stages, including meta-method analysis, meta-theory analysis, meta-data analysis, and meta-synthesis analysis. Following data extraction, meta-method analysis was employed to review and evaluate the research designs and methods used in the field studies, assessing their impact on study findings and outcomes. An integrative approach was employed to develop a novel theory for national human resource development. Meta-data analysis was performed using Clark and Brown's six-stage thematic analysis, and the meta-synthesis process linked interpretations obtained from meta-analysis, meta-data, and meta-theories.
Results
This meta-study aimed to identify the factors influencing national human resource development, including the national capacities required for its development, interventions to enhance national human resources, and the consequences of such development.
Conclusion
The key findings from primary research reports have been synthesized into an integrated and coherent model. This research contributes a model to the field of national human resource development, which suggests that both meta-national and national factors impact a country's national human resource development capacities. The development of national human resources necessitates financial, industrial, and educational capabilities. Interventions in national human resource development depend on these capacities and include policy-making, legislation, planning, and action at various stages of citizens' lives. Effective population management is a prerequisite for addressing other intervention areas. Specific intervention areas for each life stage have been identified. Finally, outcomes of national human resource development are categorized into three dimensions: outputs, outcomes, and effects.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Human resource management
  • National human resource development
  • meta-study

مراجع

منابع
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سهرابی، بابک؛ یزدانی، حمیدرضا؛ رجب‌زاده، علی و محجوب، حامد (1400). واکاوی نظریه‌های نیازهای روان‌شناختی بنیادین انسان: یک رویکرد فرانظری. مجله علوم روان‌شناختی، 20(103)، 979- 998.
منوریان، عباس؛ ابویی اردکان، محمد؛ ایروانی، محمد جواد و زندی‌منش، محمدرضا (1392). طراحی مدل خط‎مشی‎گذاری به‎منظور بهبود محیط کسب‎وکار جمهوری اسلامی ایران با استفاده از نظریه داده‎بنیاد. مدیریت دولتی، 5(2)، 125-142.
 
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مدیریت دولتی
دوره 15، شماره 3
1402
صفحه 439-471

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