JPA University of Tehran مدیریت دولتی 2008-5877 University of Tehran 93 10.22059/jipa.2017.232214.1985 07. مدیریت دولتی - سایر مباحث مرتبط با مدیریت دولتی کشف و استخراج مؤلفه‎ها و خرده‎نظام‌های دانشکدۀ حکمرانی از طریق کاربست مطالعۀ تطبیقی دانشکده‌های حکمرانی منتخب ارائه‌ی مختصات خرده نظام‌های دانشکده حکمرانی از طریق کاربست مطالعه تطبیقی دانشکده های حکمرانی منتخب عبدالحمید مهدی استادیار گروه مدیریت و فلسفه علم و فناوری دانشکده مهندسی پیشرفت دانشگاه علم و صنعت ایران، تهران، ایران. عبدالحسین زاده محمد عضو هیئت علمی پژوهشکده سیاست پژوهی و مطالعات راهبردی حکمت و دانشجوی دکتری تصمیم گیری و خط مشی گذاری عمومی دانشگاه علامه طباطبایی 22 11 2017 9 3 359 378 29 04 2017 02 07 2017 Copyright © 2017, University of Tehran. 2017 https://jipa.ut.ac.ir/article_64983.html

طی سال‌های اخیر به‌منظور مطالعۀ تخصصی مسائل حکومتی و ارائۀ راه‌حل در کشورهای مختلف، دانشکده‌های حکمرانی رواج یافته‌اند. پژوهش حاضر با فهم ضرورت شکل‎گیری این دانشکده‌‌ها در کشور، درصدد بررسی تطبیقی دانشکده‌های حکمرانی منتخب و استخراج خرده‎نظام‌‌های این دانشکده‌هاست. روش‎های داده‌یابی، کتابخانه‌ای و روش داده‌کاوی، تحلیل محتوا بوده و اعتباریابی نتایج از طریق تأیید خبرگان انجام گرفته است. طبق نتایج پژوهش، خرده‎نظام‌ها و فعالیت‌های دانشکدۀ‌ حکمرانی در قالب دو دستۀ‌ فعالیت‌های اصلی و حمایتی شناسایی شدند. مقوله‌های اصلی شامل چهار مقولۀ نظام آموزشی، نظام پژوهشی، نظام تربیتی و نظام دستور کارگزاری بوده و گفتمان‌سازی و شبکه‌سازی در قالب 39 مقولۀ فرعی فرایندهای اصلی دانشکده‌های حکمرانی است. فرایندهای حمایتی و پشتیبانی دانشکده‌های حکمرانی نیز در قالب چهار مقولۀ اصلی معماری و ساخت فیزیکی دانشکده، ساخت اجتماعی و الگوی اداره، نظام تأمین مالی و بودجه، نظام حمایت‌های مالی و پشتیبانی تحصیلی با 28 مقولۀ فرعی احصا شد.  

 ادارۀ امور دولت حکمرانی حکومت خط‌مشی پژوهی دانشکدۀ‌ حکمرانی پورعزت، ع. ا. (1395). تصویرپردازی از دانشکدۀ حکومت. فصلنامۀ مدیریت سازمان‌های دولتی، 4(2)، 152-143. دانایی‌فرد، ح.؛ حسینی، ی.؛ فانی، ع. ا. (1392). ظرفیت خط‌مشی‌گذاری عمومی: کلید توسعه‌یافتگی ملی. تهران: انتشارات صفار. عبدالحسین‎زاده، م.؛ عبدالحمید، م. (1394). ارائۀ برنامه آموزشی هوشمند رشتۀ خط‌مشی عمومی، از طریق کاربست مطالعۀ تطبیقی دانشگاه‌های مطرح جهان. فصلنامۀ انجمن آموزش عالی ایران، 7(4)، 60-21. Abdolhosseinzadeh, M & Abdolhamid, M. (2016). Offering of Intelligent curriculum in the field of public policy, through the application of comparative study of global well known universities. Iranian Higher Education Quarterly Journal. 7(4), 3-27. (in Persian) Allison, G. (2008). Emergence of Schools of Public Policy: Reflections by a Founding Dean. In: R. Goodin, M. Moran and M. Rein, ed. 1st Ed. New York: Oxford University Press. Blavatnik School of Government (2016). 2016 Annual Report. Report on the Blavatnik School of Government’s activities and achievements over the past year. Butcher, J. (2008). Australia under construction: Nation-building: past, present and future. Canberra: ANU E Press. Cappe, M. (2015). Public Policy on Public Policy Schools. Toronto: Higher Education Quality Council of Ontario. Crecine, J. P. (1971). University centers for the study of public policy: organizational viability. Policy Sciences, 2(1), 7 -32. Danaeefard, H., Hosseini, Y. & Fanny, A. (2013). Public policy making capacity: key to national development. Tehran: Saffar Publication. (in Persian) Development Policy Centre (Crawford School of Public Policy). (2010). Development Policy Centre: Crawford School of Public Policy. ANU College of Asia & the Pacific. Hertie School of Governance. (2008). Hertie School of Governance: Short facts. Berlin: Hertie School of Governance. John, F. (1986). The John F. Kennedy School of Government: The first fifty years. Cambridge, Mass: Ballinger Pub. Co. Mahbubani, K. (2013). Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy: Building a global policy school in Asia. Singapore: World Scientific Pub. Makoto, O. (2017). School of Government. Available in: http://edb.kulib.kyoto-u.ac.jp/bull/html/pdf/03_schools/grd17_gov. Neondorf, Kimberly, A. (2002). The content analysis guidebook. London, sage pub. Neuman, W. L. (2014). Social research methods: Qualitative and quantitative approaches. Boston: Pearson. Porter, M. E. (1985). Competitive advantage: Creating and sustaining superior performance. New York, N.Y: Free press. Pourezzat, A. (2016). Prospection Coming out of School of Government. Quarterly Journal of Public Organizations Management, 4(2), 143-152. (in Persian) School of Government and International Relations (2015). A leading centre of learning in government and international relations. Griffith University. Speers, K. (2007). The invisible private sector: Consultants and public policy in Canada, in L. Dobuzinskis, M. Howlett and D. Laycock (Eds) Policy Analysis in Canada. Toronto: University of Toronto. Walker, J. L. (1976). The curriculum in public policy studies at the University of Michigan. Journal of Urban Analysis, 4(1), 3- 28. Wildavsky, A. (1986). Schools of Public Policy in Poor Countries. Policy Studies Journal, 14(3), 407–413._||_ Abdolhosseinzadeh, M & Abdolhamid, M. (2016). Offering of Intelligent curriculum in the field of public policy, through the application of comparative study of global well known universities. Iranian Higher Education Quarterly Journal. 7(4), 3-27. (in Persian) Allison, G. (2008). Emergence of Schools of Public Policy: Reflections by a Founding Dean. In: R. Goodin, M. Moran and M. Rein, ed. 1st Ed. New York: Oxford University Press. Blavatnik School of Government (2016). 2016 Annual Report. Report on the Blavatnik School of Government’s activities and achievements over the past year. Butcher, J. (2008). Australia under construction: Nation-building: past, present and future. Canberra: ANU E Press. Cappe, M. (2015). Public Policy on Public Policy Schools. Toronto: Higher Education Quality Council of Ontario. Crecine, J. P. (1971). University centers for the study of public policy: organizational viability. Policy Sciences, 2(1), 7 -32. Danaeefard, H., Hosseini, Y. & Fanny, A. (2013). Public policy making capacity: key to national development. Tehran: Saffar Publication. (in Persian) Development Policy Centre (Crawford School of Public Policy). (2010). Development Policy Centre: Crawford School of Public Policy. ANU College of Asia & the Pacific. Hertie School of Governance. (2008). Hertie School of Governance: Short facts. Berlin: Hertie School of Governance. John, F. (1986). The John F. Kennedy School of Government: The first fifty years. Cambridge, Mass: Ballinger Pub. Co. Mahbubani, K. (2013). Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy: Building a global policy school in Asia. Singapore: World Scientific Pub. Makoto, O. (2017). School of Government. Available in: http://edb.kulib.kyoto-u.ac.jp/bull/html/pdf/03_schools/grd17_gov. Neondorf, Kimberly, A. (2002). The content analysis guidebook. London, sage pub. Neuman, W. L. (2014). Social research methods: Qualitative and quantitative approaches. Boston: Pearson. Porter, M. E. (1985). Competitive advantage: Creating and sustaining superior performance. New York, N.Y: Free press. Pourezzat, A. (2016). Prospection Coming out of School of Government. Quarterly Journal of Public Organizations Management, 4(2), 143-152. (in Persian) School of Government and International Relations (2015). A leading centre of learning in government and international relations. Griffith University. Speers, K. (2007). The invisible private sector: Consultants and public policy in Canada, in L. Dobuzinskis, M. Howlett and D. Laycock (Eds) Policy Analysis in Canada. Toronto: University of Toronto. Walker, J. L. (1976). The curriculum in public policy studies at the University of Michigan. Journal of Urban Analysis, 4(1), 3- 28. Wildavsky, A. (1986). Schools of Public Policy in Poor Countries. Policy Studies Journal, 14(3), 407–413.
JPA University of Tehran مدیریت دولتی 2008-5877 University of Tehran 93 10.22059/jipa.2018.247866.2151 07. مدیریت دولتی - سایر مباحث مرتبط با مدیریت دولتی چالش‌های حاکمیت شبکۀ مدیریت بحران (مطالعۀ موردی: شهر تهران) چالش های حاکمیت شبکه مدیریت بحران: مطالعه موردیِ شهر تهران هاشمی پطرودی سید حمید دانشجوی دکتری گروه مدیریت صنعتی، دانشکدۀ مدیریت دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران جعفرنژاد احمد استاد گروه مدیریت صنعتی، دانشکدۀ مدیریت دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران صادقی مقدم محمدرضا استادیار گروه مدیریت صنعتی، دانشکدۀ مدیریت دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران صفری حسین استاد گروه مدیریت صنعتی، دانشکدۀ مدیریت دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران 22 11 2017 9 3 379 402 12 12 2017 01 01 2018 Copyright © 2017, University of Tehran. 2017 https://jipa.ut.ac.ir/article_64984.html

این پژوهش با هدف شناسایی، اولویت‌بندی و ساختاردهی چالش‌های حاکمیت شبکۀ مدیریت بحران شهر تهران انجام شده است. روش‌شناسی پژوهش، مطالعۀ موردی بوده و روش اصلی گردآوری داده‌ها مصاحبه‌های عمیق انفرادی و پرسشنامه است. نمایندگان (معاونان، مدیران و کارشناسان) 26 سازمان دولتی و غیردولتی مشغول در حوزۀ مدیریت بحران شهر تهران در این پژوهش مشارکت داشتند و سازمان‌ها به‌طور عمده بر اساس وظایف محوله توسط قوانین بالادستی و همچنین گلوله ‌برفی انتخاب شدند. به‌منظور اولویت‌بندی و ساختاردهی چالش‌ها نیز از روش دلفی فازی و مدل‌سازی ساختاری تفسیری (ISM) استفاده شده است. یافته‌های پژوهش 18 چالش اصلی را که حاکمیت شبکۀ مدیریت بحران با آن مواجه است، نشان می‌دهد. در نهایت، برای مدیریت بهتر این چالش‌ها و همچنین انجام تحقیقات آتی، پیشنهادهایی ارائه شد.

 حاکمیت شبکه دلفی فازی شبکۀ سیاست مد‌‌ل‌سازی ساختاری تفسیری مدیریت بحران احمدی، س. ع. ا.؛ رسولی، ر.؛ رجب‎زادۀ قطری، ع.؛ پویا، پ. (1391). ارائۀ مدل مدیریت بحران با تمرکز بر نظام مدیریت منابع انسانی برای بیمارستان‎های شهر تهران. مدیریتدولتی، 4(10)، 24-1. سالارزهی، ح.؛ ابراهیم‎پور، ح. (1391). بررسی سیر تحول در پارادایم‎های مدیریت دولتی: از پارادایم مدیریت دولتی سنتی تا پارادایم حکمرانی خوب. مدیریتدولتی،4(9)، 62-43. عظیمی، م.؛ پورعزت، ع. ا.؛ قلی‎پور، ا. سعدآبادی، ع.ا. (1393). کاربرد برنامه‎ریزی راهبردی عصرمدار در مدیریت بحران زلزلۀ شهر تهران با تأکید بر سناریوپردازی. مطالعاتمدیریتشهری، 6(19)، 56-70. Ahmadi, S. A. A., Rasuli, R., Ghatari, A.R. & Pooya, P. (2012). Presenting a Crisis Management Model with Emphasis on Human Resources Management System for Hospitals of Tehran. Journal of Public Administration, 4(10), 1-24. (in Persian) Astley, W. G. & Fombrun, C. J. (1983). Collective Strategy: Social Ecology of Organizational Environments. The Academy of Management Review, 8(4), 576-587. Azimi, M., Pourezzat, A. A., Gholipour, A. & Saadabadi, A. A. (2014). Application of Era-Based Cellular Planning for Crisis Management of Earthquake in Tehran with Emphasis on Scenario Planning. Urban Management Studies, 6(19), 56-70. (in Persian) Balcik, B., Beamon, B. M., Krejci, C. C., Muramatsu, K. M. & Ramirez, M. (2010). Coordination in humanitarian relief chains: Practices, challenges and opportunities. International Journal of Production Economics, 126(1), 22-34. Carlsson, L. (2000). Policy Networks as Collective Action. Policy Studies Journal, 28(3), 502-520. Dalkey, N. & Helmer, O. (1951). The use of experts for the estimation of bombing requirements: A project Delphi experiment. The Rand Corporation. Dolinskaya, I. S., Shi, Z. E., Smilowitz, K. R. & Ross, M. (2011). Decentralized approaches to logistics coordination in humanitarian relief. Paper presented at the Proceedings of the 2011 Industrial Engineering Research Conference. Ghasemian Sahebi, I., Arab, A. & Sadeghi Moghadam, M. R. (2017). Analyzing the barriers to humanitarian supply chain management: A case study of the Tehran Red Crescent Societies. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 24, 232-241. Hermansson, H. M. L. (2016). Disaster management collaboration in turkey: assessing progress and challenges of hybrid network governance. Public Administration, 94(2), 333-349. Hsu, T. & Yang, T. (2000). Application of fuzzy analytic hierarchy process in the selection of advertising media. Journal of Management and Systems, 7(1), 19-39. Jones, C., Hesterly, W. S. & Borgatti, S. P. (1997). A General Theory of Network Governance: Exchange Conditions and Social Mechanisms. The Academy of Management Review, 22(4), 911-945. Jung, K. & Song, M. (2015). Linking emergency management networks to disaster resilience: bonding and bridging strategy in hierarchical or horizontal collaboration networks. Quality & Quantity, 49(4), 1465-1483. Kabra, G. & Ramesh, A. (2015). Analyzing drivers and barriers of coordination in humanitarian supply chain management under fuzzy environment. Benchmarking: An International Journal, 22(4), 559-587. Kovács, G. & Spens, K. (2009). Identifying challenges in humanitarian logistics. International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management, 39(6), 506-528. Kovács, G. & Spens, K. M. (2007). Humanitarian logistics in disaster relief operations. International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management, 37(2), 99-114. Kuo, Y.-F. & Chen, P.-C. (2008). Constructing performance appraisal indicators for mobility of the service industries using Fuzzy Delphi Method. Expert Systems with Applications, 35(4), 1930-1939. Mehregan, M. R., Chaghooshi, A. J. & Hashemi, S. H. (2014). Analysis of sustainability drivers among suppliers of Iranian Gas Engineering and Development Company. International Journal of Applied Decision Sciences, 7(4), 437-455. Moshtari, M. & Gonçalves, J. (2012). Understanding the drivers and barriers of coordination among humanitarian organizations. Paper presented at the 23rd Annual Conference of the Production and Operations Management Society. Moynihan, D. P. (2008). Combining structural forms in the search for policy tools: Incident command systems in US crisis management. Governance, 21(2), 205-229. Ostrom, E. (2014). Collective action and the evolution of social norms. Journal of Natural Resources Policy Research, 6(4), 235-252. Provan, K. G. & Kenis, P. (2008). Modes of Network Governance: Structure, Management, and Effectiveness. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory: J-PART, 18(2), 229-252. Rhodes, R. A. W. (1996). The New Governance: Governing without Government. Political Studies, 44(4), 652-667. Salarzehi, H., & Ebrahimpour, H. (2012). Paradigms of Public Administration: From Traditional Public Administration to Good Governance. Journal of Public Administration, 4(9), 43-62. (in Persian) Shaluf, I.M., Fakharu’l-razi, A. & Aini, M. S. (2003). A review of disaster and crisis. Disaster Prevention and Management: An International Journal, 12(1), 24-32. Stuart, I., McCutcheon, D., Handfield, R., McLachlin, R. & Samson, D. (2002). Effective case research in operations management: a process perspective. Journal of Operations Management, 20(5), 419-433. Van Wassenhove, L. N. (2006). Humanitarian aid logistics: supply chain management in high gear. Journal of the Operational Research Society, 57(5), 475-489. Voss, C., Tsikriktsis, N. & Frohlich, M. (2002). Case research in operations management. International Journal of Operations & Production Management, 22(2), 195-219. Warfield, J. W. (1974). Developing interconnected matrices in structural modelling. IEEE transcript on systems, Men and Cybernetics, 4(1), 51-81. Yin, R. K. (2003). Case study research: design and methods (3rd ed. ed.). London: Sage.  _||_ Ahmadi, S. A. A., Rasuli, R., Ghatari, A.R. & Pooya, P. (2012). Presenting a Crisis Management Model with Emphasis on Human Resources Management System for Hospitals of Tehran. Journal of Public Administration, 4(10), 1-24. (in Persian) Astley, W. G. & Fombrun, C. J. (1983). Collective Strategy: Social Ecology of Organizational Environments. The Academy of Management Review, 8(4), 576-587. Azimi, M., Pourezzat, A. A., Gholipour, A. & Saadabadi, A. A. (2014). Application of Era-Based Cellular Planning for Crisis Management of Earthquake in Tehran with Emphasis on Scenario Planning. Urban Management Studies, 6(19), 56-70. (in Persian) Balcik, B., Beamon, B. M., Krejci, C. C., Muramatsu, K. M. & Ramirez, M. (2010). Coordination in humanitarian relief chains: Practices, challenges and opportunities. International Journal of Production Economics, 126(1), 22-34. Carlsson, L. (2000). Policy Networks as Collective Action. Policy Studies Journal, 28(3), 502-520. Dalkey, N. & Helmer, O. (1951). The use of experts for the estimation of bombing requirements: A project Delphi experiment. The Rand Corporation. Dolinskaya, I. S., Shi, Z. E., Smilowitz, K. R. & Ross, M. (2011). Decentralized approaches to logistics coordination in humanitarian relief. Paper presented at the Proceedings of the 2011 Industrial Engineering Research Conference. Ghasemian Sahebi, I., Arab, A. & Sadeghi Moghadam, M. R. (2017). Analyzing the barriers to humanitarian supply chain management: A case study of the Tehran Red Crescent Societies. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 24, 232-241. Hermansson, H. M. L. (2016). Disaster management collaboration in turkey: assessing progress and challenges of hybrid network governance. Public Administration, 94(2), 333-349. Hsu, T. & Yang, T. (2000). Application of fuzzy analytic hierarchy process in the selection of advertising media. Journal of Management and Systems, 7(1), 19-39. Jones, C., Hesterly, W. S. & Borgatti, S. P. (1997). A General Theory of Network Governance: Exchange Conditions and Social Mechanisms. The Academy of Management Review, 22(4), 911-945. Jung, K. & Song, M. (2015). Linking emergency management networks to disaster resilience: bonding and bridging strategy in hierarchical or horizontal collaboration networks. Quality & Quantity, 49(4), 1465-1483. Kabra, G. & Ramesh, A. (2015). Analyzing drivers and barriers of coordination in humanitarian supply chain management under fuzzy environment. Benchmarking: An International Journal, 22(4), 559-587. Kovács, G. & Spens, K. (2009). Identifying challenges in humanitarian logistics. International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management, 39(6), 506-528. Kovács, G. & Spens, K. M. (2007). Humanitarian logistics in disaster relief operations. International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management, 37(2), 99-114. Kuo, Y.-F. & Chen, P.-C. (2008). Constructing performance appraisal indicators for mobility of the service industries using Fuzzy Delphi Method. Expert Systems with Applications, 35(4), 1930-1939. Mehregan, M. R., Chaghooshi, A. J. & Hashemi, S. H. (2014). Analysis of sustainability drivers among suppliers of Iranian Gas Engineering and Development Company. International Journal of Applied Decision Sciences, 7(4), 437-455. Moshtari, M. & Gonçalves, J. (2012). Understanding the drivers and barriers of coordination among humanitarian organizations. Paper presented at the 23rd Annual Conference of the Production and Operations Management Society. Moynihan, D. P. (2008). Combining structural forms in the search for policy tools: Incident command systems in US crisis management. Governance, 21(2), 205-229. Ostrom, E. (2014). Collective action and the evolution of social norms. Journal of Natural Resources Policy Research, 6(4), 235-252. Provan, K. G. & Kenis, P. (2008). Modes of Network Governance: Structure, Management, and Effectiveness. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory: J-PART, 18(2), 229-252. Rhodes, R. A. W. (1996). The New Governance: Governing without Government. Political Studies, 44(4), 652-667. Salarzehi, H., & Ebrahimpour, H. (2012). Paradigms of Public Administration: From Traditional Public Administration to Good Governance. Journal of Public Administration, 4(9), 43-62. (in Persian) Shaluf, I.M., Fakharu’l-razi, A. & Aini, M. S. (2003). A review of disaster and crisis. Disaster Prevention and Management: An International Journal, 12(1), 24-32. Stuart, I., McCutcheon, D., Handfield, R., McLachlin, R. & Samson, D. (2002). Effective case research in operations management: a process perspective. Journal of Operations Management, 20(5), 419-433. Van Wassenhove, L. N. (2006). Humanitarian aid logistics: supply chain management in high gear. Journal of the Operational Research Society, 57(5), 475-489. Voss, C., Tsikriktsis, N. & Frohlich, M. (2002). Case research in operations management. International Journal of Operations & Production Management, 22(2), 195-219. Warfield, J. W. (1974). Developing interconnected matrices in structural modelling. IEEE transcript on systems, Men and Cybernetics, 4(1), 51-81. Yin, R. K. (2003). Case study research: design and methods (3rd ed. ed.). London: Sage.
JPA University of Tehran مدیریت دولتی 2008-5877 University of Tehran 93 10.22059/jipa.2017.243215.2113 07. مدیریت دولتی - سایر مباحث مرتبط با مدیریت دولتی سنجش میزان اجرای خط‌مشی‌های حمایتی دولت از شرکت‌های دانش‎بنیان (مطالعۀ موردی: استان‌های فارس، خراسان رضوی، گیلان و هرمزگان) عباسپور غلامحسین دانشجوی دکتری مدیریت دولتی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، کرمان، ایران سلاجقه سنجر دانشیار، گروه مدیریت دولتی،دانشگاه آزاداسلامی کرمان،ایران بیگ زاده عباسی فرزانه استادیار گروه مدیریت دولتی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، کرمان، ایران شیخی ایوب استادیار،گروه‌آمار،دانشگاه شهید باهنرکرمان،ایران 22 11 2017 9 3 403 426 07 10 2017 14 11 2017 Copyright © 2017, University of Tehran. 2017 https://jipa.ut.ac.ir/article_64985.html

پژوهش حاضر با هدف سنجش میزان اجرای­ خط­مشی­های حمایتی دولت از شرکت‌های دانش­بنیان و بررسی رابطۀ آن با تجاری‎سازی اختراعات انجام شده است. روش پژوهش از نوع توصیفی ـ همبستگی و­ جامعۀ آماری آن، متشکل از 131 شرکت بوده ­است. داده­ها با روش­های تحلیل همبستگی، رگرسیون چندگانه، معادلات ­ساختاری و فنون آمار توصیفی، تحلیل شده‌اند­. نتایج نشان داد میانگین میزان اجرای خط­مشی­های حمایت ­مالی دولت از شرکت‌ها 5/60 درصد، مقدار متوسط آن برابر با 1245 میلیون ­ریال، وضعیت اجرای خط­مشی­های­ حمایت غیرمالی ضعیف و مقدار آن در مقیاس لیکرت برابر63/2 بوده است. همچنین بین اجرای خط­مشی‌های حمایتی با عملکرد آنها در زمینۀ تجاری‎سازی­ اختراعات، همبستگی مثبت و معنا­داری وجود­ دارد. بر اساس نتایج تحلیل رگرسیون چندگانه 3/37 درصد تغییرات در عملکرد تجاری‎سازی اختراعات، به متغیرهای اجرای خط­مشی­های حمایت مالی و غیر­مالی مربوط می­شود و حمایت­های ­مالی، مانند کاهش سود تسهیلات، وام­­های بدون بهره و بلندمدت، معافیت مالیاتی و حمایت­های غیرمالی مانند امنیت سرمایه­گذاری، شفافیت قوانین مالکیت­ فکری، روابط بین­المللی، آموزش منابع ­انسانی و کمک‌های بازاریابی، به‌ترتیب بیشترین تأثیر را بر عملکرد تجاری‎سازی اختراعات داشته‌اند.

 اجرای خط‌‌مشی تجاری‎سازی اختراعات خط‌مشی‌های حمایت مالی‌ خط‎مشی‌های حمایت غیرمالی شرکت‌های دانش‌بنیان آقاجانی، ح.؛ سروری، ز. (1392). شناسایی و رتبه‌بندی عوامل مؤثر بر تجاری‎سازی شرکت‌های دانش‌بنیان. پایان‌نامۀ کارشناسی ارشد، دانشکدۀ اقتصاد و علوم اداری، دانشگاه مازندران. اسمیت، ک.؛ لاریمر، ک. (1389). درآمدی بر نظریۀ خط­مشی‌گذاری عمومی. ترجمۀ دانایی‌فرد. چاپ اول، تهران: انتشارات صفّار. اکبرزاده، ن.؛ شفیع زاده، ا. (1391). بررسی نقش دولت در بهبود روند ایجاد و توسعۀ کسب‎وکارهای دانش­بنیان. فصلنامۀ تخصصی پارک­ها و مراکز رشد، 9(33)، 53-46. پورعزت، ع.؛ حیدری، ا. ­(1390). شناسایی و دسته­بندی چالش‌ها و موانع تجاری‎سازی دانش با استفاده از روش کیو. فصلنامۀ علمی ـ پژوهشی سیاست علم و فناوری، 4(1)، ­61-55. توکلی طرقی، ع.؛ محمدی، ج.؛ مساحی، م.؛ خردمند، ف. (1393). تجاری‎سازی فناوری در ایران: چالش‎ها و راهکارها. دومین کنفرانس بین‎المللی تجاری‎سازی فناوری، دانشگاه علم و صنعت ایران، 14 تا 15 دی 1393­. جاهد، ح.؛ آراسته، ح. (1392). عوامل برون‌سازمانی مؤثر در تجاری‎سازی نتایج پژوهشی. فصلنامۀ پژوهش و برنامه­ریزی در آموزش عالی، 19(1)، 68-45. حجازی، ر.؛ حسینی، پ. (1393). عوامل بازدارندۀ محیطی در انتقال و تجاری‎سازی نتایج تحقیقات نانوپزشکی در ایران. مجلۀ دانشکدۀ پیراپزشکی علوم پزشکی تهران (پیاورد سلامت)، (2)، ­168-154. رمضان­پور، ق.؛ بیات، ف. (1394).مروری بر مدل‎های ­خطی ­تجاری­سازیوبررسی نقاط اشتراک و افتراق آنها. نشریۀصنعت ­ودانشگاه، 8 (27 و ­28)، 41-27. سلطانی، ح. (1390). تجاری‎سازی، عاملی مؤثر در رشد بنگاه‎های دانش­بنیان و توسعه اقتصاد ملی. نشریۀ پارک فناوری پردیس، 9(26)، ­11-4. فکور، ب. (1385). مروری برمفاهیم نظری نتایج­ تحقیقات. رهیاف، (37)، 32-24. قلی­پور، ر. (1389). تصمیم­گیری سازمانی و­خط­مشی­گذاری عمومی. چاپ دوم، تهران: انتشارات سمت. مجیدفر، ف.؛ محمدی، ک. (1389). ارائۀ مدل شتاب فرایند تجاری‎سازی فناوری با رویکرد تسهیل­گری دولت. چهارمین کنفرانس مدیریت تکنولوژی، تهران، 17 و 18 آبان 1389. مرادی­پور، ح. (1393). ارائۀ مدل موفقیت شرکت‌های دانش­بنیان. دومین کنفرانس بین‌المللی تجاری‎سازی فناوری، دانشگاه علم ­و ­صنعت ایران­، 14 تا 15 دی ­1393. مقیمی، س.م.؛ صدیق­زاده، ا.؛ جعفرزاده، ا.؛ نظری. ع. (1389). تأثیر عوامل محیطی بر تجاری‎سازی ایده‎ها و نتایج تحقیقات. نشریۀ مطالعات مدیریت راهبردی، (2)، 126-113. میرغفوری، س.ح.؛ صادقی آرانی، ز.؛ جعفرنژاد، ا. (1390). پیش‌بینی موفقیت تجاری‎سازی ایده­های نوآورانه با استفاده از شبکۀ عصب مصنوعی؛ مطالعۀ موردی مخترعان و نوآوران استان یزد. فصلنامۀ علمی ـ پژوهشی سیاست علم و فناوری، 4(1)، 76-63. Akbarzadeh, N. & Shafizadeh, E. (2012). Analysis of the role of government in improving the trend of development of knowledge businesses. Journal of Growth Parks and Centers, 9(33), 46-53. (in Persian) Aqajani, H. & Sarvari, Z. (2013). Identifying and ranking the factors influencing the commercialization of knowledge companies. M.A. thesis. School of Economy and Administration, Mazandaran University. (in Persian) Aryanta, R. Fransiska, M. (2012). The Role of Government Assistance to Generate Competitive Leadership, Commitment, Motivation, Innovation, Environment and its Impact on the Performance of TenunCual Union Industry Cluster in Bangka Belitung Province. Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences,65, 167-172. Cheng, F., Wang, W. (2011). Research on the Relationship among Government Regulations, Strategy Preference and Manufacturing Performance. Journal of Service Science and Management, 5(1), 37-43. Fakour, B. (2006). A review of the theoretical notions of research results. Rahyaft Research and Scientific Journal, (37), 24-32. (in Persian) Gholipour, R. (2010). Organizational decision making and public policy making. Second edition, Tehran, SAMAT Press. (in Persian) Hejazi, R. & Hosseini, P. (2014). Environmental preventive factors of the transfer and commercialization of Nanomedical research in Iran. Journal of the Paramedical School of Tehran Medical University (Payavard Salamat), (2), 154-168. (in Persian) Hill, M., Hupe, P. (2002). Implementing Public Plicy, Governance in theory and practice. London, SAGE publications. Jahed, H. & Arasteh, H. (2013). Outsourcing factors influencing the commercialization of research results. Higher Education Research and Planning Quarterly, 19(1), 45-68. (in Persian) Kamariah, I., Musibau, A. (2013). The Roles of Government in the Commercialization of Technology Based Firms. Middle-East Journal of Scientific Research, 16 (2), 229-236. Lemmetyinen, J. (2001). Commercialization of biopharmaaceuticals. Master's Thesis. Lappeenranta University of technology. Majidfar, F. & Mohamadi, K. (2010). Developing an acceleration model for commercialization of technology with an emphasis on state facilitation. The 4th Conference on Technology Management, Tehran, 8th and 9th November 2010. (in Persian) Mccoy, A. (2006). Establishing a Commercialization Model for Innovative Products in the Residential Construction Industry. Doctoral dissertation, Polytechnic Institute and State University of the Virginia. Mirqafouri, S.H., Sadeghi Arani, Z. & Jafarnezhad, A. (2011). Predicting the commercial success of innovative ideas using the artificial neural network model: A case study of inventors of Yazd Province. The Scientific and Research Quarterly of Scientific and Technological Politics, 4(1), 63-76. (in Persian) Moqimi, S.M., Sedighzadeh, A., Jafarzadeh, A. & Nazari, A. (2010). The effect of environmental factors on the commercialization of ideas and research results. Strategic Management Research Journal, (2), 113-126. (in Persian) Moradipour, H. (2014). Developing the model of success of knowledge companies. The 2nd International Conference on Commercialization of Technology. University of Science and Industry, 4th and 5th January 2015. (in Persian) Munoz, J.M. (2013). Handbook on the Geopolitics of Business. Millikin University, USA. Narayan, A. (2012). The role of government and accounting in the development of academic research commercialization. Accounting History, 17, 311-329. Norain, I., Mohd, N. & Sideka, S. (2015). A Framework for a Successful Research ProductsCommercialisation: A Case of Malaysian Academic Researchers. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 195, 283 – 292. OECD. (2007).Innovation and growth rationale for an innovation strategy. www.oecd.org/sti/inno/39374789.pdf. Pourezzat, A. A. & Heydari, E. (2011). Identifying and classifying the challenges and barriers to commercialization of knowledge using the Q method. Scientific and Research Quarterly of Scientific and Technological Politics, 4(1), 55-61. (in Persian) Ramezanpour, Q. & Bayat, F. (2015). A review of the linear models of commercialization and their similarities and differences. Industry and University Press. 8(27-28), 27-41. (in Persian) Rasmussen, E. (2008). Government instruments to support the commercialization of university research: Lessons from Canada. Doctoral dissertation, Bodo Graduate School of Business, Norway. Rogers, E. (2001). Diffusion of innovation. 5th edition, Simon and Schuster. Romer, P.M. (1986). The Origins of Endogenous Growth. The Journal of Economic Perspectives, 8 (1), 3–22. Rourke, M., Lux, D. (1999). From Invention to Innovation.US Department of Energy. Online Available at:ttp://ipmall.info/hosted_resources/gov_ip. Smith, K. & Larimer, K. (2011). An introduction to the public policy making theory. Translated by Danayifarrd, first edition, Tehran: Saffar Press. (in Persian) Sultani, H. (2011). Commercialization: a factor influencing the growth of knowledge enterprises and development of national economy. Pardis Technology Park Journal, 9(26), 4-11. (in Persian) Tavakoli Torghi, A., Mohammadi, J., Masahi, M. & Kheradman, F. (2014). Commercialization of Technology in Iran: Challenges and Solutions. The Second International Conference on Commercialization of Technology. Iran Science and Industry University, 4th and 5th January 2015. (in Persian) Wan Hussain, W.M.H., Ab Rahman, M.N., Zaino, Z.A. & Yaakub, N. I. (2014). Mechanism and Government Initiatives.Pertanika Journal of Social Science and Humanities, 22(18), 131-148. Yu, F. (2013). Government R & D Subsidies, Political Relations and Technological SMEs Innovation Transformation. iBusiness, 5(3B), 104-109.  _||_ Akbarzadeh, N. & Shafizadeh, E. (2012). Analysis of the role of government in improving the trend of development of knowledge businesses. Journal of Growth Parks and Centers, 9(33), 46-53. (in Persian) Aqajani, H. & Sarvari, Z. (2013). Identifying and ranking the factors influencing the commercialization of knowledge companies. M.A. thesis. School of Economy and Administration, Mazandaran University. (in Persian) Aryanta, R. Fransiska, M. (2012). The Role of Government Assistance to Generate Competitive Leadership, Commitment, Motivation, Innovation, Environment and its Impact on the Performance of TenunCual Union Industry Cluster in Bangka Belitung Province. Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences,65, 167-172. Cheng, F., Wang, W. (2011). Research on the Relationship among Government Regulations, Strategy Preference and Manufacturing Performance. Journal of Service Science and Management, 5(1), 37-43. Fakour, B. (2006). A review of the theoretical notions of research results. Rahyaft Research and Scientific Journal, (37), 24-32. (in Persian) Gholipour, R. (2010). Organizational decision making and public policy making. Second edition, Tehran, SAMAT Press. (in Persian) Hejazi, R. & Hosseini, P. (2014). Environmental preventive factors of the transfer and commercialization of Nanomedical research in Iran. Journal of the Paramedical School of Tehran Medical University (Payavard Salamat), (2), 154-168. (in Persian) Hill, M., Hupe, P. (2002). Implementing Public Plicy, Governance in theory and practice. London, SAGE publications. Jahed, H. & Arasteh, H. (2013). Outsourcing factors influencing the commercialization of research results. Higher Education Research and Planning Quarterly, 19(1), 45-68. (in Persian) Kamariah, I., Musibau, A. (2013). The Roles of Government in the Commercialization of Technology Based Firms. Middle-East Journal of Scientific Research, 16 (2), 229-236. Lemmetyinen, J. (2001). Commercialization of biopharmaaceuticals. Master's Thesis. Lappeenranta University of technology. Majidfar, F. & Mohamadi, K. (2010). Developing an acceleration model for commercialization of technology with an emphasis on state facilitation. The 4th Conference on Technology Management, Tehran, 8th and 9th November 2010. (in Persian) Mccoy, A. (2006). Establishing a Commercialization Model for Innovative Products in the Residential Construction Industry. Doctoral dissertation, Polytechnic Institute and State University of the Virginia. Mirqafouri, S.H., Sadeghi Arani, Z. & Jafarnezhad, A. (2011). Predicting the commercial success of innovative ideas using the artificial neural network model: A case study of inventors of Yazd Province. The Scientific and Research Quarterly of Scientific and Technological Politics, 4(1), 63-76. (in Persian) Moqimi, S.M., Sedighzadeh, A., Jafarzadeh, A. & Nazari, A. (2010). The effect of environmental factors on the commercialization of ideas and research results. Strategic Management Research Journal, (2), 113-126. (in Persian) Moradipour, H. (2014). Developing the model of success of knowledge companies. The 2nd International Conference on Commercialization of Technology. University of Science and Industry, 4th and 5th January 2015. (in Persian) Munoz, J.M. (2013). Handbook on the Geopolitics of Business. Millikin University, USA. Narayan, A. (2012). The role of government and accounting in the development of academic research commercialization. Accounting History, 17, 311-329. Norain, I., Mohd, N. & Sideka, S. (2015). A Framework for a Successful Research ProductsCommercialisation: A Case of Malaysian Academic Researchers. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 195, 283 – 292. OECD. (2007).Innovation and growth rationale for an innovation strategy. www.oecd.org/sti/inno/39374789.pdf. Pourezzat, A. A. & Heydari, E. (2011). Identifying and classifying the challenges and barriers to commercialization of knowledge using the Q method. Scientific and Research Quarterly of Scientific and Technological Politics, 4(1), 55-61. (in Persian) Ramezanpour, Q. & Bayat, F. (2015). A review of the linear models of commercialization and their similarities and differences. Industry and University Press. 8(27-28), 27-41. (in Persian) Rasmussen, E. (2008). Government instruments to support the commercialization of university research: Lessons from Canada. Doctoral dissertation, Bodo Graduate School of Business, Norway. Rogers, E. (2001). Diffusion of innovation. 5th edition, Simon and Schuster. Romer, P.M. (1986). The Origins of Endogenous Growth. The Journal of Economic Perspectives, 8 (1), 3–22. Rourke, M., Lux, D. (1999). From Invention to Innovation.US Department of Energy. Online Available at:ttp://ipmall.info/hosted_resources/gov_ip. Smith, K. & Larimer, K. (2011). An introduction to the public policy making theory. Translated by Danayifarrd, first edition, Tehran: Saffar Press. (in Persian) Sultani, H. (2011). Commercialization: a factor influencing the growth of knowledge enterprises and development of national economy. Pardis Technology Park Journal, 9(26), 4-11. (in Persian) Tavakoli Torghi, A., Mohammadi, J., Masahi, M. & Kheradman, F. (2014). Commercialization of Technology in Iran: Challenges and Solutions. The Second International Conference on Commercialization of Technology. Iran Science and Industry University, 4th and 5th January 2015. (in Persian) Wan Hussain, W.M.H., Ab Rahman, M.N., Zaino, Z.A. & Yaakub, N. I. (2014). Mechanism and Government Initiatives.Pertanika Journal of Social Science and Humanities, 22(18), 131-148. Yu, F. (2013). Government R & D Subsidies, Political Relations and Technological SMEs Innovation Transformation. iBusiness, 5(3B), 104-109.
JPA University of Tehran مدیریت دولتی 2008-5877 University of Tehran 93 10.22059/jipa.2017.211659.1774 15. مدیریت دولتی نوین کاربرد تئوری اتوپایسیس در مدیریت کاربرد تئوری اتوپایسیس در مدیریت اسحق زاده نیره دانشجوی دکتری مدیریت صنعتی، دانشکدۀ مدیریت، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران مهرگان محمدرضا استاد مدیریت صنعتی، دانشکدۀ مدیریت، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران ابویی اردکان محمد دانشیار مدیریت دولتی، دانشکدۀ مدیریت، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران 22 11 2017 9 3 427 462 11 07 2016 27 12 2017 Copyright © 2017, University of Tehran. 2017 https://jipa.ut.ac.ir/article_64986.html

هدف این مقاله معرفی نظریة اتوپایسیس و بررسی مزایای قرض گرفتن آن در حوزة مدیریت است تا از این طریق به پژوهشگران مدیریت در تعیین میزان قابلیت این نظریه در معرفی روش­شناسی جدید، ارائۀ نظریات جدید یا آشکار کردن نقاط کور مطالعات گذشتة مدیریت و به‌علاوه بررسی قابلیت استفاده از این نظریه در پژوهش‌های عملی و کاربردی مدیریت کمک کند. در این مقاله، با رویکرد مرور ادبیات تم‌محور کرسول، اطلاعات موجود در ادبیات پژوهشی استخراج و تحلیل شده است. در پژوهش حاضر، 74 مقالة مرتبط از پایگاه­های معتبر علمی بر اساس معیار مشخصی انتخاب شدند و تم­های اصلی آنها استخراج و دسته­بندی شد. به‌علاوه این مقالات از نظر تجربی و مفهومی نیز دسته­بندی شده­اند. نتایج بررسی حاکی از این است که استفادۀ عملی و کاربردی در پژوهش‌های گذشتة مدیریت از این نظریه بسیار محدود بوده، اما این نظریه در ارائۀ روش­شناسی جدید، کمک به دیدن نقاط کور پژوهش‌های گذشته و ارائۀ دیدگاه‌های نظری جدید در مدیریت، قابلیت زیادی دارد.

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Transnational immanence: the autopoietic co-constitution of a Chinese spiritual organization through mediated communication. Information, Communication & Society, 17(1), 7-25. Córdoba, J. R. & Midgley, G. (2006). Broadening the boundaries: An application of critical systems thinking to IS planning in Colombia. Journal of the Operational Research Society, 57(9), 1064-1080. Córdoba, J. R. (2007). Developing inclusion and critical reflection in information systems planning. Organization, 14(6), 909-927. Cornelissen, J. P. (2004). What are we playing at? Theatre, organization, and the use of metaphor. Organization Studies, 25(5), 705-726. Creswell, J. (2008). Educational research: Planning, conducting and evaluating quantitative and qualitative research (3rd edition). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall. ElMaraghy, H., & ElMaraghy, W. H. (Eds.). (2006). Advances in design. Springer Science & Business Media.‏ Escobar, J. M. (2012). Autopoiesis and Darwinism. Synthese, 185(1), 53-72. Espinosa, A., Harnden, R., & Walker, J. (2005). Cybernetics and participation: From theory to practice. Systemic Practice and Action Research, 17(6), 573-589. Espinosa, A., Harnden, R., & Walker, J. (2008). A complexity approach to sustainability–Stafford Beer revisited. European Journal of Operational Research, 187(2), 636-651. Garrido, P. (2009). Business sustainability and collective intelligence. The Learning Organization, 16(3), 208-222. Geyer, F. (1992). Autopoiesis and Social Systems—. International Journal of General System, 21(2), 175-183. Glanville, R. (2002). Second order cybernetics. Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems, EoLSS Publishers, Oxford, UK. Glanville, R. (2004). The purpose of second-order cybernetics. Kybernetes, 33(9/10), 1379-1386. Goldspink, C., & Kay†, R. (2003). Organizations as self-organizing and sustaining systems: a complex and autopoietic systems perspective. International Journal of General Systems, 32(5), 459-474. Gomez, P., & Probst, G. J. (1989). Organizational closure in management: a complementary view to contingency approaches. Cybernetics and Systems: An International Journal, 20(4), 311-320. Graham, P., & McKenna, B. (2000). A theoretical and analytical synthesis of autopoiesis and sociolinguistics for the study of organisational communication. Social Semiotics, 10(1), 41-59. Gregory, A. J., & Jackson, M. C. (1992). Evaluation methodologies: a system for use. Journal of the Operational Research Society, 43(1), 19-28. Hall, W. P. (2005). Biological nature of knowledge in the learning organization. The Learning Organization, 12(2), 169-188. Iba, T. (2010). An autopoietic systems theory for creativity. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 2(4), 6610-6625. Iba, T. (2011). Autopoietic Systems Diagram for Describing Creative Processes. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 26, 30-37. Ishikawa, A. (1999). Knowledge management, autopoiesis and apoptosis. Kybernetes, 28(6/7), 821-825. Jackson, T. W. (2007). Applying autopoiesis to knowledge management in organisations. Journal of Knowledge Management, 11(3), 78-91. Kay, R. (2001). Are organizations autopoietic? A call for new debate. Systems Research and Behavioral Science, 18(6), 461-477. Kay, R. (2002). Autopoiesis and systems education: implications for practice. International Journal of General Systems, 31(5), 515-530. Kay, R., & Cecez-Kecmanovic, D. (2003). Organizational knowledge and autopoiesis: Towards a new view. ECIS 2003 Proceedings, 52. Kay, R., & Er, M. (2005). Autopoiesis & Mobile Technology Adoption. In Mobile Information Systems (pp. 303-310). Springer US. Kellert, S. H. (2009). Borrowed knowledge: Chaos theory and the challenge of learning across disciplines. University of Chicago Press. Kenny, V. (1992). On the subject of autopoiesis and its boundaries: Does the subject matter?. International Journal Of General System, 21(2), 187-196. Kickert, W. J. (1993). Autopoiesis and the science of (public) administration: Essence, sense and nonsense. Organization Studies, 14(2), 261-278. Klabbers, J. H. (2000). Learning as acquisition and learning as interaction. Simulation & Gaming, 31(3), 380-406. Koppen, I. J. (1991). Environmentalmediation: An Example of Applied Autopoiesis? In Autopoiesis and configuration theory: New approaches to societal steering (pp. 143-150). Springer Netherlands. Koskinen, K. U. (2009). Project‐based company's vital condition: structural coupling. An autopoietic view. Knowledge and Process Management, 16(1), 13-22. Koskinen, K. U. (2010a). Organisational memories in project-based companies: an autopoietic view. The Learning Organization, 17(2), 149-162. Koskinen, K. U. (2010b). Recursive view of the project-based companies' knowledge production. Journal of Knowledge Management, 14(2), 258-268. Koskinen, K. U. (2013a). Business organizations' knowledge-production processes: an autopoietic approach. International Journal of Organizational Analysis, 21(2), 137-153. Koskinen, K. U. (2013b). Observation's role in technically complex project implementation: the social autopoietic system view. International Journal of Managing Projects in Business, 6(2), 349-364. Krogh, G. V., Roos, J., & Slocum, K. (1994). An essay on corporate epistemology. Strategic Management Journal, 15(S2), 53-71. Limone, A., & Bastias, L. E. (2006). Autopoiesis and knowledge in the organization: Conceptual foundation for authentic knowledge management.Systems Research and Behavioral Science, 23(1), 39-49. Luhmann, N. (1995). Social systems. Stanford University Press. Luisi,P.(2003). Autopoiesis: a review and a reappraisal .Naturwissenschaften, 90(2), 49-59. Luz Méndez, C., Coddou, F., & Maturana, H. R. (1988). The bringing forth of pathology. The Irish Journal of Psychology, 9(1), 144-172. Magalhaes, R. (2011). Re‐interpreting Organization Design in the Light of Enacted Cognition Theory. Systems Research and Behavioral Science,28(6), 663-679 Magalhães, R., & Sanchez, R. (2009). Autopoiesis in organization theory and practice (Vol. 6). Emerald Group Publishing. Maturana, H (2002). Autopoiesis, structural coupling and cognition: a history of these and other notions in the biology of cognition. Cybernetics &Human Knowing, 9(3-4), 5-34. Maturana, H. (1988, October). Ontology of observing: The biological foundations of self consciousness and the physical domain of existence. In Conference workbook: Texts in cybernetics (Vol. 1). Maturana, H. R. (1974). Cognitive strategies. Cybernetics of cybernetics. Biological Computer Lab (BCL) Report 73–38, dated May 1974}, 10, 7-15. Maturana, H. R., & Poerksen, B. (2004). The view of the systemicist: A conversation. Journal of Constructivist Psychology,, 17(4), 269-279. Maturana, H. R., & Varela, F. J. 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Springer Science & Business Media. Mingers, J. (1997). Systems typologies in the light of autopoiesis: a reconceptualization of Boulding's hierarchy, and a typology of self‐referential systems. Systems Research and Behavioral Science, 14(5), 303-313. Mingers, J. (2004). Can social systems be autopoietic? Bhaskar's and Giddens’ social theories. Journal for the Theory of Social Behaviour, 34(4), 403-427. Mollayousefi, M., Rezaee Mostaghim, R. (2014) Francis Galton’s theory of eugenics, Science and religion research, 5(1):91-114. (in Persian) Morgan, G. (2006). Images of organization, Sage Publications, US. Murray, J. B., Evers, D. J., & Janda, S. (1995). Marketing, theory borrowing, and critical reflection. Journal of Macromarketing, 15(2), 92-106. Oswick, C., Fleming, P., & Hanlon, G. (2011). From borrowing to blending: Rethinking the processes of organizational theory building. Academy of Management Review, 36(2), 318-337. Parboteeah, P., & Jackson, T. W. (2007). 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Supply chain as an autopoietic learning system. Supply Chain Management: An International Journal, 19(1), 10-16. Brocklesby, J. & Mingers, J. (2005). The use of the concept autopoiesis in the theory of viable systems. Systems Research and Behavioral Science, 22(1), 3-9. Brocklesby, J. (2011). From Building Environmental Representations to Structural Coupling—an Autopoietic Theory Perspective on the Theory and Practice of Strategic Management. Systems Research and Behavioral Science, 28(6), 618-630. Brocklesby, J., Jones, D., & Riad, S. (2011). Theorising Language in Organisational Research: Three Views. Victoria Management School. Capra, F. (2002). The Hidden Connections, Integrating The Biological, Cognitive, And Social Dimensions Of Life Into A Science Of Sustainability. Cheong, P. H., Hwang, J. M., & Brummans, B. H. (2014). Transnational immanence: the autopoietic co-constitution of a Chinese spiritual organization through mediated communication. Information, Communication & Society, 17(1), 7-25. Córdoba, J. R. & Midgley, G. (2006). Broadening the boundaries: An application of critical systems thinking to IS planning in Colombia. Journal of the Operational Research Society, 57(9), 1064-1080. Córdoba, J. R. (2007). Developing inclusion and critical reflection in information systems planning. Organization, 14(6), 909-927. Cornelissen, J. P. (2004). What are we playing at? Theatre, organization, and the use of metaphor. Organization Studies, 25(5), 705-726. Creswell, J. (2008). Educational research: Planning, conducting and evaluating quantitative and qualitative research (3rd edition). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall. ElMaraghy, H., & ElMaraghy, W. H. (Eds.). (2006). Advances in design. Springer Science & Business Media.‏ Escobar, J. M. (2012). Autopoiesis and Darwinism. Synthese, 185(1), 53-72. Espinosa, A., Harnden, R., & Walker, J. (2005). Cybernetics and participation: From theory to practice. Systemic Practice and Action Research, 17(6), 573-589. Espinosa, A., Harnden, R., & Walker, J. (2008). A complexity approach to sustainability–Stafford Beer revisited. European Journal of Operational Research, 187(2), 636-651. Garrido, P. (2009). Business sustainability and collective intelligence. The Learning Organization, 16(3), 208-222. Geyer, F. (1992). Autopoiesis and Social Systems—. International Journal of General System, 21(2), 175-183. Glanville, R. (2002). Second order cybernetics. Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems, EoLSS Publishers, Oxford, UK. Glanville, R. (2004). The purpose of second-order cybernetics. Kybernetes, 33(9/10), 1379-1386. Goldspink, C., & Kay†, R. (2003). Organizations as self-organizing and sustaining systems: a complex and autopoietic systems perspective. International Journal of General Systems, 32(5), 459-474. Gomez, P., & Probst, G. J. (1989). Organizational closure in management: a complementary view to contingency approaches. Cybernetics and Systems: An International Journal, 20(4), 311-320. Graham, P., & McKenna, B. (2000). A theoretical and analytical synthesis of autopoiesis and sociolinguistics for the study of organisational communication. Social Semiotics, 10(1), 41-59. Gregory, A. J., & Jackson, M. C. (1992). Evaluation methodologies: a system for use. Journal of the Operational Research Society, 43(1), 19-28. Hall, W. P. (2005). Biological nature of knowledge in the learning organization. The Learning Organization, 12(2), 169-188. Iba, T. (2010). An autopoietic systems theory for creativity. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 2(4), 6610-6625. Iba, T. (2011). Autopoietic Systems Diagram for Describing Creative Processes. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 26, 30-37. Ishikawa, A. (1999). Knowledge management, autopoiesis and apoptosis. Kybernetes, 28(6/7), 821-825. Jackson, T. W. (2007). Applying autopoiesis to knowledge management in organisations. Journal of Knowledge Management, 11(3), 78-91. Kay, R. (2001). Are organizations autopoietic? A call for new debate. Systems Research and Behavioral Science, 18(6), 461-477. Kay, R. (2002). Autopoiesis and systems education: implications for practice. International Journal of General Systems, 31(5), 515-530. Kay, R., & Cecez-Kecmanovic, D. (2003). Organizational knowledge and autopoiesis: Towards a new view. ECIS 2003 Proceedings, 52. Kay, R., & Er, M. (2005). Autopoiesis & Mobile Technology Adoption. In Mobile Information Systems (pp. 303-310). Springer US. Kellert, S. H. (2009). Borrowed knowledge: Chaos theory and the challenge of learning across disciplines. University of Chicago Press. Kenny, V. (1992). On the subject of autopoiesis and its boundaries: Does the subject matter?. International Journal Of General System, 21(2), 187-196. Kickert, W. J. (1993). Autopoiesis and the science of (public) administration: Essence, sense and nonsense. Organization Studies, 14(2), 261-278. Klabbers, J. H. (2000). Learning as acquisition and learning as interaction. Simulation & Gaming, 31(3), 380-406. Koppen, I. J. (1991). Environmentalmediation: An Example of Applied Autopoiesis? In Autopoiesis and configuration theory: New approaches to societal steering (pp. 143-150). Springer Netherlands. Koskinen, K. U. (2009). Project‐based company's vital condition: structural coupling. An autopoietic view. Knowledge and Process Management, 16(1), 13-22. Koskinen, K. U. (2010a). Organisational memories in project-based companies: an autopoietic view. The Learning Organization, 17(2), 149-162. Koskinen, K. U. (2010b). Recursive view of the project-based companies' knowledge production. Journal of Knowledge Management, 14(2), 258-268. Koskinen, K. U. (2013a). Business organizations' knowledge-production processes: an autopoietic approach. International Journal of Organizational Analysis, 21(2), 137-153. Koskinen, K. U. (2013b). Observation's role in technically complex project implementation: the social autopoietic system view. International Journal of Managing Projects in Business, 6(2), 349-364. Krogh, G. V., Roos, J., & Slocum, K. (1994). An essay on corporate epistemology. Strategic Management Journal, 15(S2), 53-71. Limone, A., & Bastias, L. E. (2006). Autopoiesis and knowledge in the organization: Conceptual foundation for authentic knowledge management.Systems Research and Behavioral Science, 23(1), 39-49. Luhmann, N. (1995). Social systems. Stanford University Press. Luisi,P.(2003). Autopoiesis: a review and a reappraisal .Naturwissenschaften, 90(2), 49-59. Luz Méndez, C., Coddou, F., & Maturana, H. R. (1988). The bringing forth of pathology. The Irish Journal of Psychology, 9(1), 144-172. Magalhaes, R. (2011). Re‐interpreting Organization Design in the Light of Enacted Cognition Theory. Systems Research and Behavioral Science,28(6), 663-679 Magalhães, R., & Sanchez, R. (2009). Autopoiesis in organization theory and practice (Vol. 6). Emerald Group Publishing. Maturana, H (2002). Autopoiesis, structural coupling and cognition: a history of these and other notions in the biology of cognition. Cybernetics &Human Knowing, 9(3-4), 5-34. Maturana, H. (1988, October). Ontology of observing: The biological foundations of self consciousness and the physical domain of existence. In Conference workbook: Texts in cybernetics (Vol. 1). Maturana, H. R. (1974). Cognitive strategies. Cybernetics of cybernetics. Biological Computer Lab (BCL) Report 73–38, dated May 1974}, 10, 7-15. Maturana, H. R., & Poerksen, B. (2004). The view of the systemicist: A conversation. Journal of Constructivist Psychology,, 17(4), 269-279. Maturana, H. R., & Varela, F. J. (1987). The tree of knowledge: The biological roots of human understanding. New Science Library/Shambhala Publications. Maturana, H. R., & Varela, F. J. (1991). Autopoiesis and cognition: The realization of the living (Vol. 42). Springer Science & Business Media. Maula, M. (2000). The senses and memory of a firm-implications of autopoiesis theory for knowledge management. Journal of Knowledge Management, 4(2), 157-161. Meynell, F. (2005). A second-order approach to evaluating and facilitating organizational change. Action Research, 3(2), 211-231. Mingers, J. (1989a). An introduction to autopoiesis—implications and applications. Systems Practice, 2(2), 159-180. Mingers, J. (1989b). An introduction to autopoiesis: A reply to Fenton Robb's comment. Systems practice, 2(3), 349-351. Mingers, J. (1992). The problems of social autopoiesis. International Journal of General System, 21(2), 229-236. Mingers, J. (1995). Self-producing systems: Implications and applications of autopoiesis. Springer Science & Business Media. Mingers, J. (1997). Systems typologies in the light of autopoiesis: a reconceptualization of Boulding's hierarchy, and a typology of self‐referential systems. Systems Research and Behavioral Science, 14(5), 303-313. Mingers, J. (2004). Can social systems be autopoietic? Bhaskar's and Giddens’ social theories. Journal for the Theory of Social Behaviour, 34(4), 403-427. Mollayousefi, M., Rezaee Mostaghim, R. (2014) Francis Galton’s theory of eugenics, Science and religion research, 5(1):91-114. (in Persian) Morgan, G. (2006). Images of organization, Sage Publications, US. Murray, J. B., Evers, D. J., & Janda, S. (1995). Marketing, theory borrowing, and critical reflection. Journal of Macromarketing, 15(2), 92-106. Oswick, C., Fleming, P., & Hanlon, G. (2011). From borrowing to blending: Rethinking the processes of organizational theory building. Academy of Management Review, 36(2), 318-337. Parboteeah, P., & Jackson, T. W. (2007). An autopoietic framework for organisational learning. Knowledge and Process Management, 14(4), 248-259. Parboteeah, P., & Jackson, T. W. (2011). Expert evaluation study of an autopoietic model of knowledge. Journal of Knowledge Management, 15(4), 688-699. Paul Beyes, T. (2005). Observing observers. Von Foerster, Luhmann, and management thinking. Kybernetes, 34(3/4), 448-459. Plass, J. L., & Salisbury, M. W. (2002). A living-systems design model for web-based knowledge management systems. Educational Technology research and development, 50(1), 35-56. Radosavljevic, M. (2008). Autopoiesis vs. social autopoiesis: critical evaluation and implications for understanding firms as autopoietic social systems. International Journal of General Systems, 37(2), 215-230. Razeto-Barry, P. (2012). Autopoiesis 40 years later. A review and a reformulation. Origins of Life and Evolution of Biospheres, 42(6), 543-567. Reid, D. A., & Mgombelo, J. (2015). 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JPA University of Tehran مدیریت دولتی 2008-5877 University of Tehran 93 10.22059/jipa.2017.232829.1999 04. مدیریت دولتی - مدیریت دولتی و بازار طراحی مدل به‌کارگیری نخبگان علمی در محیط‌های دانشگاهی کشور (مطالعة موردی: اساتید دانشگاه تهران) طراحی مدل به کارگیری نخبگان علمی در محیط‌های دانشگاهی کشور ) مطالعة موردی: اساتید دانشگاه تهران( منوریان عباس استاد گروه مدیریت دولتی، دانشکدۀ مدیریت دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران پیوسته اکبر دکتری مدیریت دولتی ـ گرایش خط‌مشی‌گذاری و تصمیم‌گیری، پردیس البرز دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران واعظی سید کمال دانشیار گروه مدیریت دولتی، دانشکدۀ مدیریت دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران خوش‎چهره محمد دانشیار گروه اقتصاد، دانشکدۀ مدیریت دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران 22 11 2017 9 3 463 488 07 05 2017 14 11 2017 Copyright © 2017, University of Tehran. 2017 https://jipa.ut.ac.ir/article_64987.html

هدف اصلی این پژوهش، طراحی مدل به‌کارگیری نخبگان علمی در محیط­های دانشگاهی کشور است که با استفاده از رویکرد مبتنی بر نظریه­پردازی داده‌بنیاد به‌صورت کیفی اجرا شده است. برای گردآوری اطلاعات از مصاحبه­های نیمه‌ساختاریافته استفاده شد و تجزیه و تحلیل اطلاعات به روش استراوس و کوربین و مدل پارادایمی انجام گرفت. نمونه­گیری به روش نظری و با بهره­مندی از تکنیک­های هدفمند (قضاوتی) و گلولة برفی (زنجیره­ای) بود که بر مبنای آن 36 مصاحبه با استادان چند دانشگاه و نخبگان علمی که در حوزة علمی و پژوهشی، تجربه و تخصص داشتند، انجام گرفت. نتایج تحلیل داده­های به‌دست‌آمده از مصاحبه­ها طی فرایند کدگذاری باز، محوری و انتخابی، به ایجاد نظریة داده­‌بنیاد در حوزة به­کارگیری نخبگان علمی در محیط­های دانشگاهی منجر شد. مدل طراحی‌شده در این پژوهش شامل ابعاد و مؤلفه‎های مؤثر، موانع و راهکارها، ویژگی­ها، شرایط علّی، زمینه­ای، واسطه­ای، عناصر تشکیل ‌دهنده است که پدیدۀ محوری، پیامدها و راهبردهای اجرای خط­مشی­ عمومی را نشان می‎دهد.

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(1395). طراحی مدل چیره‎دستی در سازمان­های علمی و فناورانه بر مبنای نظریه‎پردازی داده‎بنیاد (مطالعة موردی: جهاد دانشگاهی). فصلنامۀ مدیریت دولتی، 8 (1)، 54-33. تجری، م. (1395)، رویکردهای برنامۀ درسی برای آموزش نخبگان با تأکید بر کشور ایران. پروژه دات کام. دانایی­فرد، ح.؛ الوانی، س. م.؛ آذر، ع. (1391). روش‎شناسی پژوهش کیفی در مدیریت: رویکردی جامع. تهران: انتشارات صفار ـ اشراقی. دوستار، م.؛ فروغی، ن.؛ نوروزی، خ.؛ جوادی، م. (1392). بررسی راهبردهای جذب نخبگان در نظام آموزش عالی ج.ا.ا با استفاده از مدل گسترش عملکرد کیفیت. فصلنامۀ سیاست­های راهبردی و کلان 1 (4)، 20-1. ژیان‎پور، م.؛ ناجی اصفهانی ز.؛ کاوه‎زاده، ع. (1392). تجربۀ‌ نخبگان از موانع تجاری‎سازی ایده‎ها (مطالعۀ موردی: اعضای بنیاد نخبگان اصفهان). مسائل اجتماعی ایران، 4 (1)، 159- 141.   شاه‎آبادی، ا.؛ کریم کشته، م. ح.؛ محمودی، ع. (1385). بررسی عوامل مؤثر بر فرار مغزها (مطالعۀ موردی: ایران). پژوهشنامۀ بازرگانی، (39)، 81-39. طایفی، ع. 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Designing Model dominant hand in scientific and technological organizations based on grounded theory (Case Study: SID). Journal of Public Management, 8(1), 33-54. (in Persian) Poorsadeg, N. & Ranjbar, A. (2010). Pathology elite management system and provide a proper model. First International Conference, Management, Innovation and Entrepreneurship, Fars, Iran. (in Persian) Stewart, J. & Harte, V. (2010). The Implications of Talent Management for Diversity Training: an Exploratory Study. Journal of European Industrial Training, 34(6), 506-518. Strauss, A. L. & Corbin, J. M. (1998). Basics of qualitative research: Grounded theory procedures and techniques (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. Strauss, A. L. & Corbin, J. (2008). Basics of Qualitative Research: Techniques and Procedures for developing Grounded Theory (3rd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. Sweem, S. L. (2009). Leveraging employee engagement through a talent management strategy: Optimizing human capital through human resources and organization development strategy in a field study. degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Organization Development. Benedictine University.    Tahmasebi, R., Golipur, A. & Javaherizade, A. (2012). Talent management, Identify and rank the factors affecting attract and retain scientific talent. Public Management Research, 5(17), 5-26. (in Persian) Tejri, M. (2016). Approaches curriculum for elite educational with an emphasis on Iran. Available in:  www.prozhe.com/tag. (in Persian) Vaezi, S.K. (2016). Enterprenurship and Innovation Policy in Training Systems: A case of South Korea. Public Administration and Policy Journl, 19(2), 42-64.  _||_ Anwar, A., Ali Nisar, Q. & Zubair Ahmad Khan, N. & Sana, A. )2014(. Talent Management: Strategic Priority of Organizations. International Journal of Innovation and Applied Studies, 9(3), 1148-1154. Baron, A. (2011). Measuring Human Capital. Strategic HR Review, 10(2), 30-35. Bazargan, A., Sarmad, Z. & Zejazi, A. (2009). Research methods in behavioral science. Agah Publishers, Tehran. (in Persian) Bang, J. T. & Mitra, M. (2011). Brain Drain and Institutions of Governmence: Educational Attainment  of Immigrants to the US 1988-1998. Economic Systems, 35(3), 335-354. Bretones, F. D., & Gonzalez, M. J. (2014). Subjective and occupational well-being in a sample of Mexican workers. Social Indicators Research, 100(2), 273–285. Benedict, O. H. & Ukpere, W. I. (2012). Brain Drain and Africal Development: Any Possible Gain from the Drain? African Journal of Business Management,  6(7), 2421-2428. Creswell, J. (2012). Qualitive Inquiry and Research Design: Choosing Among Five Approaches. (3rd Edition). SAGE Publication , Inc. Danayi far, H. & Alvani, S. & Azar, A. (2012). Qualitative research methodology in management: a comprehensive approach. Safar-Eshragi Publishers, Tehran. (in Persian) Davis, T., Cutt, M., Flynn, N., Mowel, P. & Orme, S. (2007). Talent Assessment: A New Steratey for Talent Management. Gawer House. Dostar, M., Froghi, N., Norozi, Kh. & Jawadi, M. (2013). Strategic review attract elite higher education system J.A.I., Using Quality Function Deployment. Journal strategic and macro policy, 1(4), 1-20. (in Persian) Falahi, K. & Monavarian, A. (2009). Study of Brain Drain factors (human capital) & Provide appropriate strategies for prevention of this phenomenon. Journal of Knowledge and Development, 5(24), 107-136. (in Persian) Farasatkhah, M. (2016). Qualitative research methods in the social sciences. Agah Publishers, Tehran. (in Persian) Flick, A. (2009). An Introduction to Qualitative Research, Ney Publishers. A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. Fooladgar, M. & Haghi, K. & Mostafavi, J. (2014). Strategic planning, promote well-being of students in higher education. Journal of Social Welfare and Development Planning, 6(18), 109-138. (in Persian) Lois, A. K. (2014). Life and thought leaders Sociology, Translation: Salasi M., Triad sixth edition. Scientific and Cultural Publishers, Tehran. Ribeiro, J. S., Conceição, C., Pereira, J., Leone, C., Mendonça, P., Temido, M., Vieira, C.P. & Dussault, G. (2013). Health Professionals Moving to and from Portugal. Health Policy, 114(2-3), 97-108. Marques J.P.C., Carac, J.M.G., Diz, H. )2009(. How canuniversity industry government interactions change the innovation scenario in Portugal? The case of the University of Coimbra. Technovation, (26), 534–542. Monavariyan, A., Ashtariyan, K., Khosravi, A., Amiri, M. & Mokhtarzade, H.K. (2016). Define and design a model policy to fight corruption in Afghanistan. School of Management, Tehran University. (in Persian) Montazer, Gh. & Nazemi, A.M. & Mosavi, M. (2013). Consequences rethink the concept of elite. Journal of Science and Technology, 5(2), 17-32. (in Persian) Nejati, M. & Mansori, H. (2012). N Evaluate and measure intellectual capital in universities and higher education institutions. Journal of Higher Education, 4(14), 65-69. (in Persian) Poorabedi, M.R. (2016). Designing Model dominant hand in scientific and technological organizations based on grounded theory (Case Study: SID). Journal of Public Management, 8(1), 33-54. (in Persian) Poorsadeg, N. & Ranjbar, A. (2010). Pathology elite management system and provide a proper model. First International Conference, Management, Innovation and Entrepreneurship, Fars, Iran. (in Persian) Stewart, J. & Harte, V. (2010). The Implications of Talent Management for Diversity Training: an Exploratory Study. Journal of European Industrial Training, 34(6), 506-518. Strauss, A. L. & Corbin, J. M. (1998). Basics of qualitative research: Grounded theory procedures and techniques (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. Strauss, A. L. & Corbin, J. (2008). Basics of Qualitative Research: Techniques and Procedures for developing Grounded Theory (3rd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. Sweem, S. L. (2009). Leveraging employee engagement through a talent management strategy: Optimizing human capital through human resources and organization development strategy in a field study. degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Organization Development. Benedictine University.    Tahmasebi, R., Golipur, A. & Javaherizade, A. (2012). Talent management, Identify and rank the factors affecting attract and retain scientific talent. Public Management Research, 5(17), 5-26. (in Persian) Tejri, M. (2016). Approaches curriculum for elite educational with an emphasis on Iran. Available in:  www.prozhe.com/tag. (in Persian) Vaezi, S.K. (2016). Enterprenurship and Innovation Policy in Training Systems: A case of South Korea. Public Administration and Policy Journl, 19(2), 42-64.
JPA University of Tehran مدیریت دولتی 2008-5877 University of Tehran 93 10.22059/jipa.2018.247098.2140 مقاله علمی پژوهشی توسعۀ مدل ارزشیابی خط‌مشی نگهداشت اثربخش اعضای هیئت علمی در آموزش عالی توسعه مدل ارزشیابی خط مشی نگهداشت اثربخش اعضای هیئت علمی در آموزش عالی حسنقلی پور حکیمه دانشجوی دکتری مدیریت دولتی، دانشکدۀ مدیریت دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران امیری مجتبی دانشیار گروه مدیریت دولتی، دانشکدۀ مدیریت دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران پورعزت علی اصغر استاد گروه مدیریت دولتی، دانشکدۀ مدیریت، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، تهران، ایران 22 11 2017 9 3 489 516 02 12 2017 01 01 2018 Copyright © 2017, University of Tehran. 2017 https://jipa.ut.ac.ir/article_64989.html

جوهرۀ آموزش عالی، سرمایۀ انسانی آن است؛ پس برنامه­ریزی برای تأمین سرمایۀ انسانی، از اولویت شایان توجهی برخوردار است. پژوهش حاضر درصدد توسعۀ مدلی برای «ارزشیابی خط­مشی نگهداشت اثربخش اعضای هیئت علمی در آموزش­عالی» است. نوع پژوهش از لحاظ هدف، کاربردی و از جنبۀ روش پژوهش، آمیخته (کیفی ـ کمی) است. پژوهش در دو مرحله به اجرا درآمده است؛ در مرحلۀ اول (کیفی) ابعاد و مؤلفه­های مدل از طریق بررسی ادبیات نظری و مصاحبۀ عمیق با خبرگان (16 نفر از مدیران و اعضای هیئت علمی آموزش عالی که ابتدا با روش نمونه­گیری هدفمند و در ادامه به شیوۀ گلولۀ برفی یا زنجیره­ای انجام شد و تا رسیدن به مرحلۀ اشباع ادامه یافت) جمع­آوری شده و با استفاده از روش تحلیل تم، بررسی شدند و کدهای شناسایی شده بر اساس میزان تشابه مفهومی، دسته‌بندی و ترکیب شدند تا50 مقولۀ فرعی، 22 مقولۀ اصلی و در نهایت 9 بعد برای طراحی مدل استخراج گردید. در مرحلۀ دوم (کمی) نیز برای اعتبارسنجی مؤلفه­های شناسایی شده، از روش دلفی و ابزار پرسشنامه (در دو مرحله با 20 نفر از طریق روش نمونه­گیری هدفمند) استفاده شد تا به اجماع خبرگان رسید و مدل نهایی به­دست آمد.

 آموزش عالی ارزشیابی خط‌مشی روش آمیخته مدل ارزشیابی نگهداشت اثربخش پورعزت، ع. ا.؛ سیدرضایی، م. (1396). ارزشیابی عملکرد دولت و حکومت. تهران: سازمان مطالعه و تدوین کتب علوم انسانی دانشگاه­ها (سمت). طهماسبی، ر.؛ قلی­پور، آ.؛ جواهری­زاده ا. (1391). مدیریت استعدادها: شناسایی و رتبه‎بندی عوامل مؤثر بر جذب و نگه‎داشت استعدادهای علمی. پژوهش­هایمدیریتعمومی. 5 (17)، 26-5. قاراخانی، م. (1393). سیاست­هایرفاهیاعضایهیئت­علمیدرایران. فصلنامۀعلوماجتماعی، (66)، 168-126. قلی­پور، ر. (1391). تصمیم­گیری سازمانی و خط­مشی­گذاری عمومی. چاپ سوم. تهران، سازمان مطالعه و تدوین کتب علوم انسانی دانشگاه­ها. محب­زادگان، ی.؛ پرداختچی، م.ح.؛ قهرمانی، م.؛ فراستخواه، م. (1392)­. تدوینالگوییبرایبالندگیاعضایهیئت­علمیبارویکرد مبتنیبرنظریۀداده‎ بنیاد.فصلنامۀپژوهشوبرنامه­ریزیدرآموزش عالی، (70)، 25-1. محمدپور، ا. ­(1392). روش پژوهش کیفی، ضد روش 1 و 2: مراحل و رویه‌های عملی در روش‌شناسی کیفی. تهران: انتشارات جامعه‌شناسان. منوریان، ع. (1394). اجرا و ارزشیابی خط­‎‎مشی عمومی. تهران: انتشارات کتاب مهربان. Alagheband, A.­ (2011). 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American Journal of Public Health, 99(9), 1576–1583. Ejaz, S. & Akbar, W. (2015). An Effectiveness of Human Resource Management Practices on Employee Retention Findings from Insurance Companies of Karachi. European Journal of Business and Management, 7(7), 27-33. Fetterman, D. M. (2005). Empowerment and Ethnographic Evaluation. Annals of Anthropological Practice, 24(1), 71-78. Fischer, F., Miller, G. & Sidney, M. (2007). Handbook of Public Policy Analysis: Theory, Politics and Methods. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. Frank, F.D. & Taylor, C.R. (2004). The Race for Talent: Retaining Engaing Workers in the 21st Century HR. Human Resource Planning, 27(3), 12-26. Gharakhani, M. (2014). Welfare Policies of Faculty Members in Iran. Social Sciences Quarterly, (66), 126-168. (in Persian) Gholipour, R. (2012). Organizational Decision-Making and Public Policy-Making. Third Edition. The Organization for Researching and Composing University Textbooks in the Humanities (SAMT). (in Persian) Gwet, K.L. (2014). Handbook of inter-rater reliability: The definitive guide to measuring the extent of agreement among raters. Advanced Analytics LLC. Howlett, M., Ramesh, M. & Perl, A. (2009). Studying Public Policy: Policy Cycles and Policy Subsystems.Third Edition. Oxford University Press. Imas, L. & Rist, R. (2009). The Road to Results: Designing and Conducting Effective Development Evaluations. The World Bank. ISBN: 978-0-8213-7891-5. 583p. Kahan, B. (2008). Excerpts from Review of Evaluation Frameworks. Saskatchewan Ministry of Education. Kosi, I., Opoku-Danso, A. & Sarpong Ofori, A.A. (2015). HRM Practices and Retention: An Empirical Study of Senior Staff of University of Cape Coast. International Journal of Technology Enhancements and Emerging Engineering Reseearch, 3(11), 62-68. Mkulu, D.G., Adhiambo, J. M. & Katundano, T. (2017). Workplace Administrative Strategies for Retention of Academic Staff in Private Universities in Southern Highlands Zone, Tanzania. 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The Delphi method as a research tool: an example, design considerations and applications. Information & Management, 42(1), 15–29. Pan American health organization (PAHO) (2001). Development and strengthening of Human resource management in health sector. Washington DC: 128th. Pourezzat, A., Seyyed Rezaei, M. (2017). Performance Evaluation of Government and Administration. The Organization for Researching and Composing University Textbooks in the Humanities (SAMT). (in Persian) Selesho, J. M. & Naile, I. (2014). Academic Staff Retention As A Human Resource Factor: University Perspective. International Business & Economics Research Journal, 13(2), 295-304. Stewart, J. & Harte, V. (2010). The Implications of Talent Management for Diversity Training: an Exploratory Study. Journal of European Industrial Training34 (6), 506-518. Stufflebeam, D. & Shinkfield, A. (2007). Evaluation theory, models, & applications. San Francisco: Jossey Bass/John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Tahmasbi, R., Gholipour, R., Javaheri Zadeh, A. (2012). Talent Management: Identify and rank the influential factors in attracting and retaining scientific talents. Public Management Research, 5(17), 5-26. (in Persian) Tompkins, J. (2002). Strategic Human Resources Management in Government: Unresolved Issues. Public Personnel Management, 31(1), 95-110. Vedung, E. (2009).Handbook of Public Policy and Program Evaluation. Transaction publishers new Brunswick (U.A.S) and London (U.K). Vega, A. & Chiasson, M. (2015). Towards a comprehensive framework for the evaluation of small and medium enterprise policy. Evaluation, 21(3), 359- 375. Wollmann, H. (2003b). Evaluation in Public-Sector Reform. Towards a “third wave” of evaluation. In Hellmut Wollmann, Evaluation in Public-Sector Reform. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar. Worthen, B. (1990). Program evaluation. The international encyclopedia of educational evaluation. Toronto, ON: Pergammon Press. Zinovieff, M. (2008). Review and Analysis of Training Impact Evaluation Methods, and Proposed Measures to Support a United Nations System Fellowships Evaluation Framework. Department of Human Resources for Health on behalf of the UN Task Force on Impact Assessment of Fellowships.  _||_ Alagheband, A.­ (2011). Introductions of educational management. Thirty Eighth Edition, Tehran: Ravaan Publication. Alkin, M. C. (2004). Evaluation Roots. London, Thousand Oaks and New Delhi: Sage Publications. DOI:10.4135/9781412984157. Axelrod, E., Handfield-Jones, H. & Welsh, T.A. (2001). The war on talent, part two. McKinsey Quarterly, No. 2. Ballart, X. (1998). Spanish Evaluation Practice Versus Program Evaluation Theory: Cases From Five Policy Areas. Evaluation, 4(2), 151-153. Baron, A. (2011). Measuring Human Capital. Strategic HR Review, 10(2), 30-35. Tony Bilton, T.,  Bonnett, K., Jones, P., Lawson, T., Skinner, D.,  Stanworth, M.,  Webster, A (2002). Introductory Sociology (4th Ed). Palgrave Macmillan Publishing Company. Braun, V. & Victoria, C. (2006). Using Thematic Analysis in Psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 77–101. Brownson, R.C., Royer, C., Chriqui, J.F. & Stamatakis, K. A. (2009). Understanding evidence-based public health policy. American Journal of Public Health, 99(9), 1576–1583. Ejaz, S. & Akbar, W. (2015). An Effectiveness of Human Resource Management Practices on Employee Retention Findings from Insurance Companies of Karachi. European Journal of Business and Management, 7(7), 27-33. Fetterman, D. M. (2005). Empowerment and Ethnographic Evaluation. Annals of Anthropological Practice, 24(1), 71-78. Fischer, F., Miller, G. & Sidney, M. (2007). Handbook of Public Policy Analysis: Theory, Politics and Methods. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. Frank, F.D. & Taylor, C.R. (2004). The Race for Talent: Retaining Engaing Workers in the 21st Century HR. Human Resource Planning, 27(3), 12-26. Gharakhani, M. (2014). Welfare Policies of Faculty Members in Iran. Social Sciences Quarterly, (66), 126-168. (in Persian) Gholipour, R. (2012). Organizational Decision-Making and Public Policy-Making. Third Edition. The Organization for Researching and Composing University Textbooks in the Humanities (SAMT). (in Persian) Gwet, K.L. (2014). Handbook of inter-rater reliability: The definitive guide to measuring the extent of agreement among raters. Advanced Analytics LLC. Howlett, M., Ramesh, M. & Perl, A. (2009). Studying Public Policy: Policy Cycles and Policy Subsystems.Third Edition. Oxford University Press. Imas, L. & Rist, R. (2009). The Road to Results: Designing and Conducting Effective Development Evaluations. The World Bank. ISBN: 978-0-8213-7891-5. 583p. Kahan, B. (2008). Excerpts from Review of Evaluation Frameworks. Saskatchewan Ministry of Education. Kosi, I., Opoku-Danso, A. & Sarpong Ofori, A.A. (2015). HRM Practices and Retention: An Empirical Study of Senior Staff of University of Cape Coast. International Journal of Technology Enhancements and Emerging Engineering Reseearch, 3(11), 62-68. Mkulu, D.G., Adhiambo, J. M. & Katundano, T. (2017). Workplace Administrative Strategies for Retention of Academic Staff in Private Universities in Southern Highlands Zone, Tanzania. American Journal of Sociological Research, 7(2), 77-84. Mohammad Pour, A. (2013). Qualitative research method, anti-method 1 and 2: Practical steps and procedures in qualitative methodology. Tehran: Publications of Sociologists. (in Persian) Moheb Zadeghan, Y., Pardakhtchi, M., Ghahremani, M., Farasatkhah, M. (2013). Designing the Model for faculty members Development Based on Grounded Theory. Journal of Research and Planning in Higher Education, (70), 1-25. (in Persian) Monavarian, A. (2015). Implementation and evaluation of Public Policy. Tehran: Publication of Mehraban Book. (in Persian) Neuendorf, K. A. (2002). The content analysis guidebook. Sage. Ng’ethe, J.M. & Iravo, M. E. & Namusonge, G.S. (2012). Determinants of Academic Staff Retention in Public Universities in Kenya: Empirical Review. International Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 2(13), 205-212. Okoli, C. & Pawlowski, S. D. (2004). The Delphi method as a research tool: an example, design considerations and applications. Information & Management, 42(1), 15–29. Pan American health organization (PAHO) (2001). Development and strengthening of Human resource management in health sector. Washington DC: 128th. Pourezzat, A., Seyyed Rezaei, M. (2017). Performance Evaluation of Government and Administration. The Organization for Researching and Composing University Textbooks in the Humanities (SAMT). (in Persian) Selesho, J. M. & Naile, I. (2014). Academic Staff Retention As A Human Resource Factor: University Perspective. International Business & Economics Research Journal, 13(2), 295-304. Stewart, J. & Harte, V. (2010). The Implications of Talent Management for Diversity Training: an Exploratory Study. Journal of European Industrial Training34 (6), 506-518. Stufflebeam, D. & Shinkfield, A. (2007). Evaluation theory, models, & applications. San Francisco: Jossey Bass/John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Tahmasbi, R., Gholipour, R., Javaheri Zadeh, A. (2012). Talent Management: Identify and rank the influential factors in attracting and retaining scientific talents. Public Management Research, 5(17), 5-26. (in Persian) Tompkins, J. (2002). Strategic Human Resources Management in Government: Unresolved Issues. Public Personnel Management, 31(1), 95-110. Vedung, E. (2009).Handbook of Public Policy and Program Evaluation. Transaction publishers new Brunswick (U.A.S) and London (U.K). Vega, A. & Chiasson, M. (2015). Towards a comprehensive framework for the evaluation of small and medium enterprise policy. Evaluation, 21(3), 359- 375. Wollmann, H. (2003b). Evaluation in Public-Sector Reform. Towards a “third wave” of evaluation. In Hellmut Wollmann, Evaluation in Public-Sector Reform. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar. Worthen, B. (1990). Program evaluation. The international encyclopedia of educational evaluation. Toronto, ON: Pergammon Press. Zinovieff, M. (2008). Review and Analysis of Training Impact Evaluation Methods, and Proposed Measures to Support a United Nations System Fellowships Evaluation Framework. Department of Human Resources for Health on behalf of the UN Task Force on Impact Assessment of Fellowships.
JPA University of Tehran مدیریت دولتی 2008-5877 University of Tehran 93 10.22059/jipa.2017.243132.2110 06. مدیریت دولتی - فناوری و بخش دولتی شناسایی عوامل مؤثر بر توانمندسازی منابع انسانی در سازمان‌های ارتباطاتی و رسانه‌ای دولتی شناسایی عوامل مؤثر بر توانمندسازی منابع انسانی در سازمان‌های ارتباطاتی و رسانه‌ای دولتی روشندل اربطانی طاهر استاد گروه مدیریت رسانه، دانشکدۀ مدیریت دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران فرهنگی علی اکبر استاد گروه مدیریت رسانه، دانشکدۀ مدیریت دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران ربیعی علی استاد گروه مدیریت، دانشکدۀ مدیریت دانشگاه پیام نور واحد تهران مرکز، تهران، ایران رادفرد سودابه دکتری مدیریت رسانه، دانشکدۀ مدیریت، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران 22 11 2017 9 3 517 538 06 10 2017 02 11 2017 Copyright © 2017, University of Tehran. 2017 https://jipa.ut.ac.ir/article_64990.html

هدف اصلی این پژوهش توصیفی ـ پیمایشی، شناسایی عوامل مؤثر بر توانمندسازی منابع انسانی در سازمان­های رسانه­ای و ارتباطاتی دولتی به‎منظور شناسایی عواملی است که مانع توانمندی کافی منابع انسانی در تولید محصولات منطبق بر خواستۀ مخاطبان و ایجاد رضایت آنها می‎شود. جامعۀ آماری این پژوهش، خبرگان وزارت ارتباطات و فناوری اطلاعات ایران و سازمان صدا و سیمای جمهوری اسلامی ایران است. در این پژوهش به‎منظور پالایش مؤلفه­ها برای شناسایی ابعاد هر مؤلفه، در سه مرحله از تکنیک دلفی بهره گرفته شد. برای تعیین روایی مدل از روایی صوری و محتوایی، روایی همگرا و روایی افتراقی استفاده­ شد و پایایی آن نیز بر اساس تحلیل مؤلفه­های اصلی، آلفای کرونباخ، ʃ دیلون ـ گلدشتاین و پایایی معرف­ها محاسبه شد. یافته­ها نشان­دهندۀ ارتباط معنا­داری بین مؤلفۀ استراتژیک با مؤلفه فردی، مؤلفۀ استراتژیک با مؤلفۀ سازمانی، مؤلفۀ اقتصادی با مؤلفۀ فردی، مؤلفۀ سازمانی با مؤلفۀ توانمندسازی منابع ­انسانی و در نهایت مؤلفۀ فردی با مؤلفۀ توانمندسازی منابع انسانی بودند. مدل مورد بررسی 6/98 درصد از واریانس توانمندسازی منابع انسانی، 9/99 درصد از واریانس مؤلفۀ فردی و 4/96 درصد از واریانس مؤلفۀ سازمانی را تبیین کرد.

 توانمندسازی استراتژیک روش دلفی مدل معادلات ساختاری منابع انسانی احمدی، س. ع. ا.؛ صالحی، ع.؛ فریدی، م. ر. (1389). روشتحقیقدر مدیریت (رشته‌هایمدیریت). ناشر دانشگاه پیام نور. بدخشانی، ف.؛ فروزانفر، ب. (1389). نقش استراتژی منابع انسانی در سازمان­های متعالی و ارتباط آن با استراتژی سازمان. هفتمین کنفرانس بین­المللی مدیریت استراتژیک. تهران: دانشگاه تربیت مدرس. جزنی، ن.؛ رستمی، ع. (1390). طراحی و توسعۀ مدل استراتژیک توانمندسازی منابع انسانی در سازمان‎های دانش‎محور.پژوهش‎هایمدیریتمنابعسازمانی، 1(3)، 54- 23. سلیمیان، م. (1391). طراحی و تبیین الگوی مناسب در توانمندی منابع انسانی سماجا. نشریۀ کنترولر، 4(16)، 130- 119. کوئین، ج. ب.؛ مینتزبرگ، ه.؛ جیمز رابرت، م. (1382). مدیریتاستراتژیک: فرایند استراتژی. (چاپ اول). ترجمه: محمد صائبی. تهران: انتشارات دفتر پژوهش‎های فرهنگی.  محمدی، م. (1382). برنامه­های توانمند­سازی کارکنان. فصلنامۀ مطالعات مدیریت، (36-35)، 236-211. Ahmadi, S.A., Salehi, A., Faridi, M.R. (2010). Methodology of management. University of Payam e noor press. (in Persian) Armstrong, M. (2006). A handbook of human resource management practice. (14th Ed) London: Kogan. Badakhshani, F., Foroozanfar, B. (2010). The Role of HR Strategies in Transcendental Organizations and Their Relationship with Organizational Strategy. Seventh International Conference on Strategic Management, February 9th,   University of Tarbiat Modares, Tehran. (in Persian) Bamberger, P., Masholem, L. (2003). Strategy of human resource. Sage publication. Bandura. A. (1999). Social Cognitive Theory. An Agentic Perspective. Asian Journal of Social Psychology, 2(1), 21-41. Conger, J. A. & Kanungo, R. N. (1988). The empowerment process: integrating theory and practice. Academy of management Review, 13(3), 471-482. Gagne, M., Deci, E.L. (2005). Self Determination Theory and Work Motivation. Journal of organizational Behavior, 26(4), 331-362. Heejung, R. & Chen, P. J. (2011) Empowerment in hospitality organizations: Customer orientation and organizational support. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 30(2), 422-428. Hersey, P. & Blanchard, K. (2004). Organizational behavior Management. (Translated by Kabiri, Gh.), (Sixth Edition), Tehran: Majed Publications. Jazani, N., Rostami, A. (2012). Designing and Developing a Strategic Model for Empowering Human Resources in Knowledge-based Organizations. Journal of organizational resources, 1(3), 23-54. Kenneth T. W. & Velthouse, B. A. (1990). Cognitive Element of Empowerment: An Interprantive Model of Intrinsic Task Motivation. Academy Of Management Journal, 15(4), 666-681. Mohamadi, M. (2002). Employee Empowerment Plans. Management Studies Quarterly, (35), 211- 236 Noller, D. (1997). Beyond a buzzword: An empowered perspective in Andrews. Journal of Applied Psychology, 74(1), 152-156. Quinn, J. B., Mintzburg, H. W., James Robert, M. (2003). Strategic Management. (First Edition), Tehran: Translate by Mohammad Saebi. Quinn, R. E. & Speritzer. G. M. (1997). The road to empowerment: seven questions every leader should consider. Organizational dynamics, 2, 22-36. Salimian, M. (2012). Designing and explaining the appropriate model for human resources capability. Controller Journal, 4(16), 119-130. (in Persian) Speritzer, G. M. (1995). Psycological empowerment in the work place. Dimensions. Measurement and validation. Academy of management journal, 38, 1442-1465. Spreitzer, G. M., Kizilos, M. A. & Nason, S. W. (1997). A dimensional analysis of the relationship between psychological empowerment and effectiveness, satisfaction, and strain. Journal of management, 23(5): 679-704. Thomas, K. W. & Velthouse, B. A. (1990). Cognitive Elements of Empowerment: An Interpretive Model of Intrinsic Task Motivation. Academic Management of Relationship, 15(4), 666-681. Zhang, X. & Bartol, K. M. (2010). Linking empowering leadership and employee Creativity: the influence of psychological Empowerment, intrinsic motivation, and creative process engagement. Academy of Management Journal, 53(1), 107–128.  _||_ Ahmadi, S.A., Salehi, A., Faridi, M.R. (2010). Methodology of management. University of Payam e noor press. (in Persian) Armstrong, M. (2006). A handbook of human resource management practice. (14th Ed) London: Kogan. Badakhshani, F., Foroozanfar, B. (2010). The Role of HR Strategies in Transcendental Organizations and Their Relationship with Organizational Strategy. Seventh International Conference on Strategic Management, February 9th,   University of Tarbiat Modares, Tehran. (in Persian) Bamberger, P., Masholem, L. (2003). Strategy of human resource. Sage publication. Bandura. A. (1999). Social Cognitive Theory. An Agentic Perspective. Asian Journal of Social Psychology, 2(1), 21-41. Conger, J. A. & Kanungo, R. N. (1988). The empowerment process: integrating theory and practice. Academy of management Review, 13(3), 471-482. Gagne, M., Deci, E.L. (2005). Self Determination Theory and Work Motivation. Journal of organizational Behavior, 26(4), 331-362. Heejung, R. & Chen, P. J. (2011) Empowerment in hospitality organizations: Customer orientation and organizational support. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 30(2), 422-428. Hersey, P. & Blanchard, K. (2004). Organizational behavior Management. (Translated by Kabiri, Gh.), (Sixth Edition), Tehran: Majed Publications. Jazani, N., Rostami, A. (2012). Designing and Developing a Strategic Model for Empowering Human Resources in Knowledge-based Organizations. Journal of organizational resources, 1(3), 23-54. Kenneth T. W. & Velthouse, B. A. (1990). Cognitive Element of Empowerment: An Interprantive Model of Intrinsic Task Motivation. Academy Of Management Journal, 15(4), 666-681. Mohamadi, M. (2002). Employee Empowerment Plans. Management Studies Quarterly, (35), 211- 236 Noller, D. (1997). Beyond a buzzword: An empowered perspective in Andrews. Journal of Applied Psychology, 74(1), 152-156. Quinn, J. B., Mintzburg, H. W., James Robert, M. (2003). Strategic Management. (First Edition), Tehran: Translate by Mohammad Saebi. Quinn, R. E. & Speritzer. G. M. (1997). The road to empowerment: seven questions every leader should consider. Organizational dynamics, 2, 22-36. Salimian, M. (2012). Designing and explaining the appropriate model for human resources capability. Controller Journal, 4(16), 119-130. (in Persian) Speritzer, G. M. (1995). Psycological empowerment in the work place. Dimensions. Measurement and validation. Academy of management journal, 38, 1442-1465. Spreitzer, G. M., Kizilos, M. A. & Nason, S. W. (1997). A dimensional analysis of the relationship between psychological empowerment and effectiveness, satisfaction, and strain. Journal of management, 23(5): 679-704. Thomas, K. W. & Velthouse, B. A. (1990). Cognitive Elements of Empowerment: An Interpretive Model of Intrinsic Task Motivation. Academic Management of Relationship, 15(4), 666-681. Zhang, X. & Bartol, K. M. (2010). Linking empowering leadership and employee Creativity: the influence of psychological Empowerment, intrinsic motivation, and creative process engagement. Academy of Management Journal, 53(1), 107–128.